Factors Affecting Eyewitness Testimony Flashcards
What does Loftus and Palmer 1 support?
Effects of leading questions on accuracy of eyewitness testimony.
What supports leading questions?
Loftus and Palmer 1
Findings of Loftus and Palmer 1?
Found that with critical verb ‘smashed’, estimate was 40.8 mph, and with ‘contacted’, 31.8mph.
What supports the substitution explanation?
Loftus and Palmer 2.
What does Loftus and Palmer 2 support?
Substitution explanation.
What did Loftus and Palmer 2 find?
Found that 32% with the critical verb ‘smashed’ reported seeing broken glass, only 14% with the critical verb ‘hit’.
What did Gabbert et al. support?
Effects of post-event discussion on accuracy of EWT.
Supporting evidence for effects of PED?
Gabbert et al.
Findings of Gabbert et al?
In the co-witness group, 71% reported information that they had not actually seen, and 60% said that the woman was guilty, despite not seeing her commit a crime. This was 0% in the individual condition.
What do Zaragoza and McClosky contradict?
Misleading information effecting the accuracy of EWT.
Contradictory evidence for misleading information on EWT?
Zaragoza and McClosky.
Describe Zaragoza and McClosky.
They argued that the results of studies into misleading information were the result of demand characteristics, with the participants wanting to appear eager.
What do Yuille and Cutshall support?
Positive effects of anxiety on EWT.
Support for positive effects of anxiety on EWT?
Yuille and Cutshall.
Findings of Yuille and Cutshall?
Those who report the highest levels of anxiety were 88% accurate to the police interviews in their recall. Those who reported low anxiety were 75% accurate.
What do Johnson and Scott support?
Negative effects of anxiety on the accuracy of EWT.
Support for the negative effects of anxiety on EWT?
Johnson and Scott.
Findings of Johnson and Scott?
Found that 49% of the low anxiety condition identified the man correctly, while 33% of the high anxiety condition identified him.
What does Pickel contradict?
The effects of anxiety on accuracy of EWT.
Contradictory evidence for the effects of anxiety on EWT?
Pickel.
Describe Pickel.
Participants watched a video of a hairdresser holding either a gun, scissors, a wallet, or a chicken. Found that recall was best in the scissors condition, and worse with the gun and the chicken. This shows that bad recall may be due to high unusualness, not high anxiety.
What does Fisher et al. support?
The cognitive interview.
Support for the cognitive interview?
Fisher et al.
Describe Fisher et al.
Police interviews were held by 16 detectives. 7 were trained on the CI, 9 were not. Interviews were recorded and judged blindly to determine how much information was gathered. The cognitive interview gathered 63% more information than the standard interview.
