Theories of Development Flashcards
Five major issues
- Human nature: bad or good?
- Nature v nurture
- Active vs passive
- Continuity vs discontinuity
- Universality vs context specificity
Psychoanalytic theory psychologist
Freud
3 aspects of personality in psychoanalytic theory
Id
Ego
Superego
Reality principle
Ego
Morality principle
Superego
Pleasure principle
Id
Freud stages and associated ages
- Oral (0-1 y/o)
- Anal (1-3 y/o)
- Phallic (3-6 y/o)
- Latent (6-12 y/o)
- Genital (12+ y/o)
Defense mechanisms a component of which theory
Psychoanalytic
Freud’s view on issues
- Negative
- Nature > nurture
- Passive > active
- Discontinuous
- Universal
Neo-Freudian Psychoanalytic Theory psychologist
Erik Erikson
Neo-Freudian Psychoanalytic Theory vs Psychoanalytic Theory
More influence on social factors
Less influence on sex
Series of conflicts
Neo-Freudian Psychoanalytic Theory conflicts and associated ages
- Trust vs mistrust (0-1 y/o)
- Autonomy vs shame/doubt (1-2 y/o)
- Initiative vs guilt (2-6 y/o)
- Industry vs inferiority (6-12 y/o)
- Identity vs role confusion (12-18 y/o)
- Intimacy vs isolation (19-40 y/o)
- Generativity vs stagnation (40-65 y/o)
- Integrity vs despair (65 y/o - death)
Erikson’s view on issues
- Positive
- Nature and nurture equally important
- Active > passive
- Discontinuous
- Universal
Watson’s beliefs
Emphasis on learning, behaviorism
Belief in classical conditioning
Skinner’s beliefs
Operant conditioning
Positive/negative reinforcement
Positive/negative punishment
Theory of psychology for Watson and Skinner
Classical Learning
Classical Learning’s view on issues
- Neutral
- Nurture > nature
- Passive > active
- Continuous
- Context-specific
Social Learning Theory psychologist
Bandura
Social Learning Theory belief
Reciprocal determinism: person influences environment and environment influences person
Bandura’s view on issues
- Neutral
- Nurture > nature
- Active > passive
- Continuous
- Context-specific
Cognitive Developmental Theory psychologist
Piaget
Cognitive Developmental Theory believes development is an interaction between what
Maturation and experience
Stages of Cognitive Development and associated ages
- Sensorimotor (0-2 y/o)
- Peroperational (2-7 y/o)
- Concrete Operational (7-11 y/o)
- Formal Operational (11+ y/o)
Piaget’s view on issues
- Positive > negative
- Nature = nurture
- Active > passive
- Discontinuous
- Universal
Levels of bioecological systems
Microsystem -> Mesosystem -> Exosystem -> Macrosystem -> Chronosystem
Epigenetic Psychobiological psychologist
Gottlieb
Bioecological system psychologist
Bronfenbrenner
Bronfenbrenner’s view on issues
- Neutral
- Nature = nurture
- Passive > active
- Continuous
- Context-specific
