Test 3 Flashcards
Qualities of language
Arbitrary
Generative/productive (can understand a sentence without having heard it before)
Displacement (can describe multiple states, times, realities)
Language acquisition device (what, who)
Noam Chomsky
Genetic mechanism for language-learning pattern-detection
Pinker’s ideas
Combinational grammar (conjugation has certain rules, we memorize exceptions) Innate language instinct
Syntactical violations
Grammar mistakes
Semantics violations
Errors of meaning
Perceptual narrowing
We lose the ability to detect sounds from our non-native language
Progression of acquisition
Cooing -> babbling -> joint attention -> 1st word (holophrase) -> vocabulary spurt -> telegraphic speech
Meta-linguistic awareness
Awareness of language as a means of communication
Pragmatics
placing language in a social context
Mutual exclusivity assumption (Markman)
An object that hasn’t been encountered gets whatever name you haven’t seen
Whole-object assumption
children assume a word applies to the entire object
Reliability vs experience in trust of child when learning language
Experience matters, but reliability is more important
4 major categories of self (Marcia)
Diffusion (no crisis or commitment)
Moratorium (crisis without commitment)
Foreclosure (no crisis with commitment)
Achievement (completed crisis with commitment)
Possible selves
Ideal
Actual
Ought
Progression of self-description
concrete -> social identities and comparisons -> psychologically oriented, multidimensional
Hierarchical model of self-esteem
General on top
Sub categories of academic, social, athleticism, appearance
Internal working models (who, what)
Bowlby
cognitive representation of one’s self and others that shapes expectations with relationships
Imprinting (who)
Lorenz
Childhood attachment classifications (Ainsworth)
Secure
Avoidant
Resistant
Disorganized
Adult attachment classifications
Autonomous-secure
Dismissing-avoidant
Preoccupied-resistant
Disorganized-fearful
