Theories of behaviour change to addictive behaviour Flashcards
what are the two theories of behaviour change
- theory of planned behaviour
- Prochaska’s six-stage model
what is TPB
the theory of planned behaviour
what does TPB say about addiction
the individual’s decision to engage in a specific behaviour can be predicated by their intention to engage in that behaviour
what are the two main parts to TPB
the intention which leads to the behaviour
what are intentions as part of TPB
motivational factors that influence a behaviour
what is the effect of a strong intention
stronger the intention, the more likely it is to be performed
what three variables determine intention
- person’s attitude
- subjective norms
- perceived behavioural control
what is the person’s attitude in TPB
the addicted person’s personal attitudes towards their addiction
what is the person’s overall attitude in TPB formed
by weighing up the balance of the positive and negative evaluations of the addiction
what are the subjective norms in TPB
the individual’s beliefs about whether the people who matter most to them approve or disapprove of their addicted behaviour
what is the key thing to subjective norms in TPB
it is the PERCEPTION of other’s attitudes
what is the key thing to personal attitudes in TPB
it is the OVERALL evaluation of the addiction
what is perceived behavioural control in TPB
the extent to which we believe we can control our behaviour
what two effects of perceived behavioural control
- effects intentions
- affect our behaviour directly
how does percieved behavioural control affect our intentions
the more control we think we have, the stronger our intention to perform the behaviour
how does percieved behavioural control affect our behaviour directly
if we perceive a high level of control we will try harder and longer to suceed
what evidence is there for the importance of perceived behavioural control
a study found the less likely smokers were to believe they would quit, the less likely they were to try
what are the three steps that TPB can be used to reduce addiction
1 - diff personal attitude
2 - change subjective norm
3 - help addict believe in themselves
how can personal attitudes be changed to reduce addiction
see it as a more negative thing
how can subjective norms be changed to reduce addiction
exposure to statistics on the true extent of their addictive behav (how many people smoke)
how can perceived behavioural control be changed to reduce addiction
focus on the willpower and effort required to give up their behaviour
who came up with the six-stage model of behaviour change
prochaska
how did prochaska describe the process of overcoming an addiction
- cyclical process
- doesn’t happen quickly
what did prochaska mean when he described overcoming addiction as a cyclical process
there is some orderly progression through stages but a lot of returning to previous ones - some may even be missed out altogether
name the six stages to behavioural change in order
1 - precontemplation
2 - contemplation
3 - preparation
4 - action
5 - maintenace
6 - termination
what happens in the precontemplation stage of behavioural change
people are not considering to change their behaviour - in denial or feel demotivated by previous failed attempts
what happens in the contemplation stage of behavioural change
people become increasingly aware of the need to change - consider the advantages and disadvantages of changing
what happens in the preparation stage of behavioural change
the individual has decided to change but has no plan on how to
is there any commitment to change in the contemplation stage
no
what happens in the action stage of behavioural change
people change their behaviour
when can relapse occur in the 6 stage model
action stage
what methods of reducing addiction are there in the actions stage
- binning all tobacco products
- behavioural/cognitive treatments
what are the more formal methods of reducing addiction in the action stage
behavioural and cognitive treatments
what must the action in the action stage do
reduce the risk of addiction - give up cigarettes not switch to lower tar versions
what happens in the maintenance stage of behavioural change
the change has been maintained for at least 6 months, person is growingly confident that the change can be permanent
how long does the change need to happen for someone to be considered to be in the maintenance stage
6 months
what happens in the termination stage of behavioural change
change is permanent and stable - no returning to addictive behaviours
how many people ever make it to the termination stage
1 in 5
how long can the maintenance stage continue for
years
what happens if someone is in the maintenance stage for years
relapse is still possible
which stages are regarded as ‘post action’
4-6
what do the post action stages represent
the duration of the change
which stages are regarded as ‘pre-action’
1-3
what do the pre-action stages represent
variations in a person’s intention to change their behaviour
what intervention is required at the precontemplation stage
should focus on helping them realise they have a problem they need to change
what intervention is required at the contemplation stage
help the client see the pros outweigh the cons
what intervention is required at the preparation stage
help the client make a plan and decide which support will be needed to achieve the change
what intervention is required at the action stage
focus on supporting the individual by practical help, praise and rewards to maintain the change
what intervention is required at the maintenance stage
focus on strategies learnt to prevent relapse eg avoid addictive situations/emphasise benefits of stopping
what intervention is required at the termination stage
no intervention
