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BhM > Theories of Behavioral Development > Flashcards

Theories of Behavioral Development Flashcards

1
Q

Mature defense mechanisms

A

Altruism, humor, sublimation, suppression

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2
Q

Less mature defense mechanisms

A

Acting out, denial, displacement, dissociation, identification, intellectualization, isolation of affect, projection, rationalization, reaction formation, regression, somatization, splitting, undoing

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3
Q

Helping others to avoid negative emotions

A

Altruism

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4
Q

Talking or joking about something painful or unpleasant in a way that makes self or others laugh

A

Humor

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5
Q

Channeling an unacceptable drive or desire into a socially acceptable format

A

Sublimation

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6
Q

Deliberately putting aside (“sweeping under the rug”, “bottling it all up”) unwanted feelings without becoming totally unaware of them

A

Supression

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7
Q

Avoid feelings by attention-getting, inappropriate behavior

A

Acting out

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8
Q

Not believing personally intolerable facts about reality

A

Denial

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9
Q

Transfer emotions from an unacceptable to acceptable person or object

A

Displacement

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10
Q

Separation of function of mental processes

A

Dissociation

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11
Q

Imitating someone who is more powerful

A

Identification

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12
Q

Using higher mental functions to avoid emotions

A

Intellectualization

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13
Q

Fail to experience powerful feelings even though understanding the event

A

Isolation of affect

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14
Q

Attributing one’s own unacceptable feelings to others

A

Projection

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15
Q

Giving reasonable explanations for unacceptable feelings

A

Rationalization

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16
Q

Denying unacceptable feelings and adopting opposite attitudes

A

Reaction formation

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17
Q

Appearance of childlike patterns of behavior during stressful situations

A

Regression

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18
Q

Turning an unacceptable impulse or feeling into a physical symptom

A

Somatization

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19
Q

Believing people or events are either all bad or all good because of intolerance of ambiguity

A

Splitting

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20
Q

Erasing an unacceptable event in the past by adopting acceptable behavior in the present (superstitious behavior)

A

Undoing

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21
Q

Trust v. mistrust

A
  • 0-1 y
  • resolution: hope
  • old age: appreciation of interdependence and relatedness
22
Q

Autonomy v. shame

A
  • 1-3 y
  • resolution: will
  • old age: acceptance of circle of life
23
Q

Initiative v. guilt

A
  • 3-6 y
  • resolution: purpose
  • old age: humor, empathy, resilience
24
Q

Industry v. inferiority

A
  • 6-12 y
  • resolution: competence
  • old age: humility, acceptance of course of life
25
Q

Identity v. confusion

A
  • 12-19 y
  • resolution: fidelity
  • old age: sense of complexity of life, merging of sensory, logical, and aesthetic perception
26
Q

Intimacy v. isolation

A
  • 20-25 y
  • resolution: love
  • old age: sense of complexity of relationships, value of tenderness and loving freely
27
Q

Generativity v. stagnation

A
  • 26-64 y
  • resolution: care
  • old age: caring for others, empathy, concern
28
Q

Integrity v. despair

A
  • 65+
  • resolution: wisdom
  • old age: existential identity, integrity
29
Q

Piaget’s stages of cognitive development

A
  • Sensorimotor stage
  • Pre-operational stage
  • Concrete operations
  • Formal operations
30
Q

Erikson’s stage theory

A
  • Trust v. mistrust
  • Autonomy v. shame
  • initiative v. guilt
  • industry v. inferiority
  • identity v. confusion
  • intimacy v. isolation
  • generativity v. stagnation
  • integrity v. despair
31
Q

Piaget’s Sensorimotor stage

A
  • 0-2 y

- child interacts w/ environment by manipulating objects

32
Q

Piaget’s Pre-operational stage

A
  • Preconceptual (2-4y) and Intuitive (4-7y)
  • thinking dominated by perception, but child becomes more and more capable of symbolic functioning, language development
33
Q

Piaget’s concrete operations

A
  • 7-11/12

- logical reasoning can only be applied to objects that are real or can be seen

34
Q

Piaget’s formal operations

A
  • 11/12 +

- individual can think logically about potential events or abstract ideas

35
Q

Pavlov response and stimuli

A

UCR - salivation (in response to meat powder)
UCS - meat powder
CS - bell
CR - salivation

36
Q

Secure attachment

A

references parent and seeks proximity when stranger enters, may be upset upon parental departure, seeks parent upon return

37
Q

Insecure avoidant attachment

A

does not reference parent or seek proximity when stranger enters, not upset at separation, no response to parental return

38
Q

Insecure ambivalent attachment

A

references parent and seeks proximity when stranger enters, upset upon parental departure, difficult to console upon return

39
Q

Freud’s stages of psychosexual development

A

-Oral, anal, phallic

40
Q

Tripartite divisions of mind

A

Levels of consciousness - conscious, preconscious, unconscious
Parts of personality - id (instincts, pleasure), ego (normal contact w/ outside), superego (moral)

41
Q

Extinction

A

After a while, the association with the CS will diminish if it isn’t reinforced

42
Q

Resistance to extinction

A

Some associations are more resistant to extinction (i.e. never wanting to drink something that made you vomit/blackout)

43
Q

Operant conditioning

A

B.F. Skinner

behavior is emitted in anticipation of an event (reinforcer)

44
Q

Positive reinforcement

A

Apply a stimulus to increase likelihood of behavior (adding positive reward like candy)

45
Q

Negative reinforcement

A

Taking away a stimulus to increase likelihood of behavior (removing negative reward like chores)

46
Q

Punishment

A

Applying a stimulus to decrease likelihood of behavior (spank, washing mouth out with soap)
Remove a stimulus to decrease likelihood of behavior (taking away a good thing like allowance)

47
Q

Reinforcement schedules

A

FR - certain # of behaviors (after potty 3 times get candy)
FI - certain amount of time (use potty 3 days in a row get candy)
VR - variable # of behaviors
VI - variable amount of time

48
Q

Token economy

A

Subjects earn token/fake money or some other object that can be traded

49
Q

Younger kids need reinforcement that is….

A

More immediate and more concrete

50
Q

Older kids can have _______ or ______ reinforcers

A

Delayed; token

grades, allowance

51
Q

9 styles of temperament

A
  • Activity level
  • Rhythmicity
  • tendency to approach v. withdraw in new situations
  • adaptability
  • responsiveness
  • intensity
  • quality of mood
  • distractibility
  • attention span

BhM (7 decks)

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