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Theories of Behavioral Development Flashcards

1
Q

Mature defense mechanisms

A

Altruism, humor, sublimation, suppression

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2
Q

Less mature defense mechanisms

A

Acting out, denial, displacement, dissociation, identification, intellectualization, isolation of affect, projection, rationalization, reaction formation, regression, somatization, splitting, undoing

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3
Q

Helping others to avoid negative emotions

A

Altruism

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4
Q

Talking or joking about something painful or unpleasant in a way that makes self or others laugh

A

Humor

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5
Q

Channeling an unacceptable drive or desire into a socially acceptable format

A

Sublimation

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6
Q

Deliberately putting aside (“sweeping under the rug”, “bottling it all up”) unwanted feelings without becoming totally unaware of them

A

Supression

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7
Q

Avoid feelings by attention-getting, inappropriate behavior

A

Acting out

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8
Q

Not believing personally intolerable facts about reality

A

Denial

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9
Q

Transfer emotions from an unacceptable to acceptable person or object

A

Displacement

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10
Q

Separation of function of mental processes

A

Dissociation

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11
Q

Imitating someone who is more powerful

A

Identification

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12
Q

Using higher mental functions to avoid emotions

A

Intellectualization

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13
Q

Fail to experience powerful feelings even though understanding the event

A

Isolation of affect

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14
Q

Attributing one’s own unacceptable feelings to others

A

Projection

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15
Q

Giving reasonable explanations for unacceptable feelings

A

Rationalization

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16
Q

Denying unacceptable feelings and adopting opposite attitudes

A

Reaction formation

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17
Q

Appearance of childlike patterns of behavior during stressful situations

A

Regression

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18
Q

Turning an unacceptable impulse or feeling into a physical symptom

A

Somatization

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19
Q

Believing people or events are either all bad or all good because of intolerance of ambiguity

A

Splitting

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20
Q

Erasing an unacceptable event in the past by adopting acceptable behavior in the present (superstitious behavior)

A

Undoing

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21
Q

Trust v. mistrust

A
  • 0-1 y
  • resolution: hope
  • old age: appreciation of interdependence and relatedness
22
Q

Autonomy v. shame

A
  • 1-3 y
  • resolution: will
  • old age: acceptance of circle of life
23
Q

Initiative v. guilt

A
  • 3-6 y
  • resolution: purpose
  • old age: humor, empathy, resilience
24
Q

Industry v. inferiority

A
  • 6-12 y
  • resolution: competence
  • old age: humility, acceptance of course of life
25
Identity v. confusion
- 12-19 y - resolution: fidelity - old age: sense of complexity of life, merging of sensory, logical, and aesthetic perception
26
Intimacy v. isolation
- 20-25 y - resolution: love - old age: sense of complexity of relationships, value of tenderness and loving freely
27
Generativity v. stagnation
- 26-64 y - resolution: care - old age: caring for others, empathy, concern
28
Integrity v. despair
- 65+ - resolution: wisdom - old age: existential identity, integrity
29
Piaget's stages of cognitive development
- Sensorimotor stage - Pre-operational stage - Concrete operations - Formal operations
30
Erikson's stage theory
- Trust v. mistrust - Autonomy v. shame - initiative v. guilt - industry v. inferiority - identity v. confusion - intimacy v. isolation - generativity v. stagnation - integrity v. despair
31
Piaget's Sensorimotor stage
- 0-2 y | - child interacts w/ environment by manipulating objects
32
Piaget's Pre-operational stage
- Preconceptual (2-4y) and Intuitive (4-7y) - thinking dominated by perception, but child becomes more and more capable of symbolic functioning, language development
33
Piaget's concrete operations
- 7-11/12 | - logical reasoning can only be applied to objects that are real or can be seen
34
Piaget's formal operations
- 11/12 + | - individual can think logically about potential events or abstract ideas
35
Pavlov response and stimuli
UCR - salivation (in response to meat powder) UCS - meat powder CS - bell CR - salivation
36
Secure attachment
references parent and seeks proximity when stranger enters, may be upset upon parental departure, seeks parent upon return
37
Insecure avoidant attachment
does not reference parent or seek proximity when stranger enters, not upset at separation, no response to parental return
38
Insecure ambivalent attachment
references parent and seeks proximity when stranger enters, upset upon parental departure, difficult to console upon return
39
Freud's stages of psychosexual development
-Oral, anal, phallic
40
Tripartite divisions of mind
Levels of consciousness - conscious, preconscious, unconscious Parts of personality - id (instincts, pleasure), ego (normal contact w/ outside), superego (moral)
41
Extinction
After a while, the association with the CS will diminish if it isn't reinforced
42
Resistance to extinction
Some associations are more resistant to extinction (i.e. never wanting to drink something that made you vomit/blackout)
43
Operant conditioning
B.F. Skinner | behavior is emitted in anticipation of an event (reinforcer)
44
Positive reinforcement
Apply a stimulus to increase likelihood of behavior (adding positive reward like candy)
45
Negative reinforcement
Taking away a stimulus to increase likelihood of behavior (removing negative reward like chores)
46
Punishment
Applying a stimulus to decrease likelihood of behavior (spank, washing mouth out with soap) Remove a stimulus to decrease likelihood of behavior (taking away a good thing like allowance)
47
Reinforcement schedules
FR - certain # of behaviors (after potty 3 times get candy) FI - certain amount of time (use potty 3 days in a row get candy) VR - variable # of behaviors VI - variable amount of time
48
Token economy
Subjects earn token/fake money or some other object that can be traded
49
Younger kids need reinforcement that is....
More immediate and more concrete
50
Older kids can have _______ or ______ reinforcers
Delayed; token | grades, allowance
51
9 styles of temperament
- Activity level - Rhythmicity - tendency to approach v. withdraw in new situations - adaptability - responsiveness - intensity - quality of mood - distractibility - attention span

BhM (7 decks)

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