Theories & Nursing theories

Question 1

Underscores the role of human imagination and vision in theory development. Also a rigorous, systematic, and disciplined.

Answer 1

Creative

Question 2

open to revision as new evidence emerges.

Answer 2

tentative

Question 3

it suggests a direction in how to view facts and events

Answer 3

purpose

Question 4

organized system or supposition of ideas that is proposed to explain a given phenomenon of accepted knowledge intended to explain a set of fact, event, or phenomena

Answer 4

theory

Question 5

give the four (4) components of a theory

Answer 5

concept
proposition
definition
assumption

Question 6

specifically an idea, thought, or notion formulated or conceived in the mind or an experience periceved and observed
“Building blocks” of theories
e.g. justice, love, war, disease

Answer 6

concept

Question 7

a statement that expresses or explains the relationships of different concepts and is capable of being tested, believed, or denied.

Answer 7

proposition

Question 8

composed of various descriptions which convey a general meaning and reduces the vagueness in understanding the set of scopes.

Answer 8

definition

Question 9

statement that specified the relationship or connection of factual concepts of phenomena.

Answer 9

assumption

Question 10

• simple but general broad in nature
• logical in nature
• can correlate concepts
• contributes in enriching the general body of knowledge
• can be source of hypothesis
• can be used by practitioners to direct and enhance their practice
• must be consistent with other validated theories, laws, and principles but will leave open unanswered issues that need to be tested.

Answer 10

Theory (its characteristics)

Question 11

• attempt to describe or explain the phenomenon nursing
• articulated and communicated conceptualization of invented or discovered reality for the purpose of describing, explaining, and predicting or prescribing nursing care

Answer 11

Nursing theory

Question 12

three components of nursing theory

Answer 12

context (environment)
content (subject)
process (method)

Question 13

• provides foundations of nursing practice
• helps to decide what we know and what we need to know
• aim to describe, predict, and explain the phenomenon in nursing
• distinguish what should form the basis of practice
• maintains professional boundaries

Answer 13

importance of nursing theory

Question 14

give the three (3) basic processes in the development of nursing theories

Answer 14

general system theory
adaptation theory
developmental theory

Question 15

describes how to break whole things into parts and then learn how the parts work together in systems

Answer 15

general system theory

Question 16

the adjustment of living matter to other living things and to environmental conditions

Answer 16

adaptation theory

Question 17

outlines the process of growth and development of humans as orderly and predictable, beginning with conception and ending with death.

Answer 17

developmental theory

Question 18

give the four (4) classifications of nursing theories according to:

Answer 18

function
abstraction
Meleis
Alligood

Question 19

GIVE THE 4 THEORIES ACCORDING TO FUNCTION

Answer 19

descriptive/ factor-isolating theories
explanatory/ factor-relating theories
predictive or situation-relating theories
prescriptive or situation-producing theories

Question 20

Primary level of theory development; identifies and describes major concept of phenomena. Presents a phenomena based on 5 senses together with their meanings

Answer 20

descriptive/ factor-isolating theories

Question 21

Present relationship among concept and propositions. Provides information on how and why concepts are related.

Answer 21

explanatory/ factor-relating theories

Question 22

Relationships of concepts under a certain condition that describe future outcomes consistently. Generated and tested using experimental research.

Answer 22

predictive or situation-relating theories

Question 23

Nursing action tests the validity and certainity of specific nursing intervention. Commonly used in testing new nursing interventions.

Answer 23

prescriptive or situation-producing theories

Question 24

THREE (3) MAJOR CATEGORIES ACCORDING TO ABSTRACTION

Answer 24

grand theories
middle-range nursing theories
practice-level nursing theories (micro-range theories)

Question 25

- abstract, broad in scope, and complex; therefore requiring further research for clarification - do not provide guidance for specific nursing interventions - provide a general framework and ideas about nursing - nursing theorists develop their works based on their own experiences - addresses nursing metaparadigm components of person, nursing, health, and environment.

Answer 25

GRAND THEORIES

Question 26

- more limited in scope and presents concepts and propositions at a lower level of abstraction - address a specific phenomenon in nursing - nursing scholars proposed using this level of theory - based on works of grand theorist

Answer 26

MIDDLE-RANGE NURSING THEORIES

Question 27

- situation-specific theories that are narrow in scope and focuses on a specific patient population at a specific time - provide frameworks for nursing interventions and suggest outcomes or effects of nursing practice. - have a more direct effect on nursing practice.

Answer 27

PRACTICE-LEVEL NURSING THEORIES (MICRO-RANGE THEORIES)

Question 28

author of THEORETICAL NURSING: DEVELOPMENT AND PROGRESS that organizes the major nurse theories and models using the following headings: needs, interaction, and outcome theories.

Answer 28

Afaf Ibrahim Meleis

Question 29

4 classification according to Meleis

Answer 29

needs theory interaction theory outcome theory humanistic theory

Question 30

based around helping individuals to fulfill their physical and mental needs

Answer 30

needs theory

Question 31

revolve around the relationship of nurses with their patients.

Answer 31

interaction theory

Question 32

nurse as a changing force, who enables the individual to adapt or to cope with ill-health.

Answer 32

outcome theory

Question 33

in response to the psychoanalytic thought that a person's destiny was determined in early life.

Answer 33

humanistic theory

Question 34

Categorized nursing theories into four (4) headings: nursing philosophy, conceptual models, grand theories, and middle-range theories.

Answer 34

Alligood

Question 35

give four (4) nursing theories according to Alligood

Answer 35

Nursing Philosophy Nursing Conceptual Models Grand Nursing theories Middle-range theories

Question 36

most abstract type, sets forth the meaning of nursing phenomena through analysis, reasoning, and logical presentation. Works of NIGHTINGALE, WATSON, RAY, & BENNER

Answer 36

nursing philosophy

Question 37

comprehensive nursing theories that are regarded by some as pioneers of nursing. Addresses the nursing metaparadigm and explain the relationship between them. Works of LEVINE, ROY, ROGERS, KING & OREM.

Answer 37

nursing conceptual models

Question 38

Are works derived from nursing philosophies, conceptual models, and other grand theories that are generally not as specific as middle-range theories. Works of LEVINE, ROGERS, OREM, and KING

Answer 38

Grand Nursing theories

Question 39

Precise and answer specific nursing practice questions. They address the specifics of nursing situations within the perspective of the model or theory from which they are derived. Examples of are that of MERCER, REED, MISHEL, and BARKER

Answer 39

Middle-range theories

Question 40

- Information, skills and expertise acquired by a person through various life experiences, or through formal/informal learning - abstract or workable understanding of a subject or idea - What is known in a particular field of discipline or study - Facts and information or awareness or familiarity gained by experience of a fact or situation

Answer 40

KNOWLEDGE

Question 41

give the three (3) sources of knowledge

Answer 41

Traditional Knowledge Authoritative knowledge Scientific knowledge

Question 42

Nursing practice which is passed down from generation to generation

Answer 42

Traditional Knowledge

Question 43

An idea by a person of authority which is perceived as true because of his or her expertise

Answer 43

Authoritative knowledge

Question 44

Came from a scientific method through research wherein new ideas are tested and measured systematically using objective criteria

Answer 44

Scientific knowledge

Question 45

give the four (4) ways of knowing

Answer 45

Empirical Ethical Esthetic Personal knowledge

Question 46

described four “patterns of knowing” within nursing

Answer 46

(1978) Carper

Question 47

From Prehistoric times among primitive tribes up to the early Christian Era Nursing is untaught, by instinct Performed out of compassion For women only, viewed as nurturing job (expected to take good care of the children, the sick and the age) Primitive men believe that it was bad spirit

Answer 47

PERIOD OF INTUITIVE NURSING

Question 48

Extends from the founding of religious nursing orders in the crusades which began in the 11th century and ended in 1836 Nursing care was provided by monks and nuns Period of "on-the-job training". Dark period of Nursing From the 17th century up to the 19th century

Answer 48

PERIOD OF APPRENTICE NURSING (MIDDLE AGES)

Question 49

Began on June 15, 1860 when Florence Nightingale School of Nursing opened at St. Thomas Hospital in London Sir Sidney Herbert of British War Department - Florence nightingale was asked by him to recruit female nurses to provide care for the sick and injured in Crimean war

Answer 49

PERIOD OF EDUCATED NURSING (NIGHTINGALE ERA)

Question 50

Specific to academia and refers to a branch of education, a department of learning or domain of knowledge

Answer 50

Nursing discipline definition

Question 51

Provides framework to structure curriculum content or to guide the teaching of nursing practice in nursing programs Focus on knowledge about how nurses’ function which concentrated on the nursing process

Answer 51

Significance of nursing theory

Question 52

specialized field of practice founded by upon the theoretical structure of the science or knowledge of the discipline and the accompanying practice ability

Answer 52

SIGNIFICANCE TO PROFESSION

Question 53

use of both logical reasoning and empiricism became prevalent during this era in the discovery of truth for the development of science

Answer 53

Positivism

Question 54

growth of scientific knowledge commenced. This is evident with the emergence of radical thinking

Answer 54

rationalism and empiricism

Question 55

use of reason gained thru expert study, tested theory and established facts to evidently prove something DEDUCTIVE general to specific knowledge

Answer 55

Rationalism

Question 56

use of objective and tangible data or those that are perceived by the senses to formulate general knowledge INDUCTIVE

Answer 56

Empiricism