roger, orem, king, neuman Flashcards
SCIENCE OF UNITARY HUMAN BEINGS THEORY
Elizabeth Rogers
SELF-DEFICIT CARE THEORY
Dorothea Orem
THEORY OF GOAL ATTAINMENT
Imogene King
SYSTEMS THEORY
Betty Neuman
nursing as an art and science
science of unitary human beings
patient can never be separated from their environment; coexistence of human and his or her environment
science of unitary human beings
fundamental unit of both the living and the non-living. view people and environment as irreducible wholes
(energy field) science of unitary human beings (ROGERS)
theory that answers the question why do people need nurses because during this time, the profession was ill-defined.
self-care deficit theory
Defines when nursing or helping is needed by an individual. Nursing needed when individuals are incapable of self-care or when individual can provide limited self – care
self-care deficit theory
A person is defined as an indivisible, pan-dimensional energy field identified by a pattern and manifesting characteristics specific to the whole. That can’t be predicted from knowledge of the parts
Human-unitary human beings (ROGERS)
There are no boundaries that stop energy flow between the human and environmental fields, ____________ in Rogers’ theory
Openness (ROGERS)
defined as a “non-linear domain without spatial or temporal attributes.” Humans’ parameters to describe events are arbitrary, and the present is relative; there is no temporal ordering of lives
Pan dimensional (ROGERS)
Postulates the inseparability of man and environment and predicts that sequential changes in the life process are continuous, probabilistic revisions occurring out of the interactions between man and environment
Principle of Reciprocity (ROGERS)
predicts that change in human behavior will be determined by the simultaneous interaction of the actual state of the human field and the environmental field’s actual state at any given point in space-time
Principle of Synchrony (ROGERS)
Because of the inseparability of human beings and their environment, sequential changes in the life processes are continuous revisions occurring from the interactions between human beings and their environment
Principle of Integrality (Synchrony + Reciprocity) (ROGERS)
speaks to the nature of the change occurring between human and environmental fields. The life process in human beings is a symphony of rhythmical vibrations oscillating at various frequencies
Principle of Resonancy (ROGERS)
human-environment field is a dynamic, open system in which change is continuous due to the constant interchange between the human and environment
Principle of Helicy (ROGERS)
an individuals must perform themselves for them to maintain life, health, development and well-being
Self – Care (OREM)
human’s ability or power to engage in self-care, and affected by basic conditioning factors
Self – care agency (OREM)
Totality of self – care actions to be performed for some duration to meet known self – care requites
Therapeutic self – care demand (OREM)
also known as requirements and defines as actions directed toward the provision of self – care presented
Self – care requites (OREM)
maintenance of basic human functioning.
The intake of air water and food
Provision of care associated with the elimination process
The equilibrium between rest and active, seclusion and social interaction
upholds the benefits from complete human functioning and development
Prevents harm to the individual’s life, well - being and functioning
Universal self-care requisites (OREM)
the developmental process after a certain event
Adjustment to new environments
Developmental self-care requisites (OREM)
changes in the human body that are related to its defects and potential genetic variations/ mutations
The need of medical aids
The correct intake of prescribed medications
Being knowledgeable to the effects and outcomes of medical conditions
Modifying one’s self concept and/or identity as being in a particular state of one’s health
Health deviation self-care (OREM)
this is when a person cannot take care of themselves
Self – care deficit (OREM)
identifies the action that the nurse and client can take to reduce or eliminate the identified self – care deficit
Nursing system (OREM)
individual is unable to carry out needed self – care action
those who have such limitations depends on others for their well – being and cannot engage in self – care action
Wholly Compensatory System (OREM)
used when a patient can meet some self – care requites but need a nurse to help and one is able to engage some but not all activities
Partly Compensatory System (OREM)
when a patient can meet self – care requites but needs assistance with decision making. When someone needs to learn or perform self – care activities with assistance
Supportive Educative System (OREM)
A patient or a nurse
Personal Systems (KING)
Sequence of behaviors involving mental and physical activity. The sequence is first mental action to recognize the presenting conditions; then physical action to begin activities related to those conditions; and finally, mental action to exert control over the situation, combined with physical action seeking to achieve goals
Action (KING)
Formed by human beings interacting.
Two interacting individuals form a dyad; three form a triad, and four or more form small or large groups.
As the number of interacting individuals increases, so does the complexity of the interactions
Interpersonal Systems (KING)
more comprehensive interacting system consists of groups that make up society
Social systems (KING)
described as, “A unique, open-system-based perspective that provides a unifying focus for approaching a wide range of concerns. A system acts as a boundary for a single client, a group, or even several groups; it can also be defined as a social issue. A client system in interaction with the environment delineates the domain of nursing concerns.”
Neuman Systems Model
Outer boundary of defense
Can expand and contract rapidly
Flexible line of defense (NEUMAN)
Baseline of health that has developed over time through adaptation
Normal line of defense (NEUMAN)
Contains internal and external factors that support the clients’ basic structure
Lines of resistance (NEUMAN)
refers to the use of general knowledge in client evaluation and intervention to identify and reduce or mitigate potential or real risk factors connected with environmental stressors in order to prevent a reaction
Primary prevention (NEUMAN)
refers to symptomatology, the results of a stressor’s reaction, an appropriate ranking of intervention priorities, and treatment to lessen their noxious effects
Secondary prevention (NEUMAN)
adjustive processes as reconstitution begins and maintenance variables drive the client back in a continuous way toward primary prevention are referred to as
Tertiary prevention (NEUMAN)
She defines ____________ as “the condition in which all parts and subparts (variables) are in harmony with the whole of the client
health/wellness (NEUMAN)
defines _______________ as “action which assists individuals, families, and groups to maintain a maximum level of wellness, and the primary aim is stability of the patient/client system, through nursing interventions to reduce stressors.”
nursing (NEUMAN)
Anything that may penetrate an individual’s flexible and normal line of defense.
May have a positive or negative result
stressors (NEUMAN)
A state of balance and harmony.
The client can effectively cope with stressors, maintaining their system integrity
stability (NEUMAN)
Degree of instability of the system due to invasion of stressors on normal line of defense
degree of reaction (NEUMAN)
The movement of the system towards illness or death
Entropy (NEUMAN)
Movement of the system towards highest level wellness
Negentropy (NEUMAN)
Matter, energy and information exchanged between the client and environment.
Enters and leaves the system at any given point in time
Input/Output (NEUMAN)
Return of system stability after treatment of stressor.
May result to a higher or lower wellness level to the client
reconstitution (NEUMAN)
Strengthening of the system before the occurrence of a stressor.
Reinforcement of the flexible line of defense
E.g. immunization. exercise, health education
primary prevention (NEUMAN)
Occurs after the stressor has penetrated the system.
Strengthening the internal lines of the system through treatment of symptoms
Regain optimal stability while conserving energy
Unsuccessful secondary prevention will increase
secondary prevention (NEUMAN)
Happens after secondary prevention.
Purpose: maintenance of the client’s reconstitution.
Begins at any point that the system is stabilized again.
Will lead back to primary prevention
tertiary prevention (NEUMAN)
