Theories Models Frameworks Flashcards
Define Information Processing
How a person receives, stores, integrates, retrieves and uses information
Define Postural Control
The ability to control the body’s position in space for the duel purpose of stability and orientation
What is the outward manifestation of postural control?
Balance- emerges from the interaction of individual with the task and the environment
Define Motor Learning
Acquisition and modification of movement
Relatively permeant change to motor performance
Factors that influence movement
Environment
Task
Individual
Personal factors constraining movement
Cognition:
Perception:integration of sensory impressions into psychologically meaningful information
Action:motor output from CNS to effector systems
Task factors constraining movement
Mobility:discrete mov task (beginning and an end) continuous mov tasks (walking) open vs closed
Stability: performed with a nonmoving BOS
Manipulation:inc demand for stability
Environmental factors constraining movement
Regulatory: specific aspects of environment that shape mov
Non regulatory: may effect performance but movement does not conform (background noise)
Open mov tasks
Requires performers to adapt to constantly changing
Closed mov task
Stereotyped task in relatively fixed or predictable environment
Theory of motor control
Group of abstract ideas about the control of movement
Reflexive Model
Reflexes are building blocks of complex behavior
Peripheral mode of operation
Limits to Reflexive model
Does not account for voluntary mov
Does not explain mov in response to sensory stimulus
Single stimulus can result in varying responses depending on context & descending commands
Hierarchical theory
Center mode of operation
Higher levels inhibit lower levels (Top Down)
Cortex-voluntary control tone & protective equilibrium reactions
subcortical- excitatory & inhibitory control tone & righting reactions
brain stem- tonic reflexes tone
spinal cord-stretch reflexes for tone & primitive equilibrium reflexes
Motor Programming theories
Central And peripheral mode of operation
Storage of complex motor programs
CPG provide neural connections that are stereotyped and hardwired
Reflexes do not drive actions
Define Synergy
Kinematic linkage of muscles moving together
Limits to Motor Programming theory
CPGs cannot be considered the sole determinant of action
Doesn’t account for nervous system dealing with both MS & environmental variables to achieve mov control
Systems theory
Function results from multisystem interaction. Int and ext forces
Coordinator structures
Synergies:ensures flexible and stable performance of motor demands
DOF: cont body in multiple DOF
Define Motor Control
The ability to regulate and direct mechanisms essential to movement
Dynamic systems theory
Control patterns
System of individual parts whose elements collectively behave in an ordered way
Mov emerges as a result of interacting elements w/out commands from nervous system
Degree of flexibility
Attractor wells
Deep well: hard to charge the preferred pattern (stable rigid)
Shallow well: unstable pattern and less rigid
Ecological Theory
Environment drives and molds activities
Limit: less emphasis on organization & function of nervous system
