Theories Models Frameworks

Question 1

Define Information Processing

Answer 1

How a person receives, stores, integrates, retrieves and uses information

Question 2

Define Postural Control

Answer 2

The ability to control the body’s position in space for the duel purpose of stability and orientation

Question 3

What is the outward manifestation of postural control?

Answer 3

Balance- emerges from the interaction of individual with the task and the environment

Question 4

Define Motor Learning

Answer 4

Acquisition and modification of movement

Relatively permeant change to motor performance

Question 5

Factors that influence movement

Answer 5

Environment
Task
Individual

Question 6

Personal factors constraining movement

Answer 6

Cognition:
Perception:integration of sensory impressions into psychologically meaningful information
Action:motor output from CNS to effector systems

Question 7

Task factors constraining movement

Answer 7

Mobility:discrete mov task (beginning and an end) continuous mov tasks (walking) open vs closed
Stability: performed with a nonmoving BOS
Manipulation:inc demand for stability

Question 8

Environmental factors constraining movement

Answer 8

Regulatory: specific aspects of environment that shape mov

Non regulatory: may effect performance but movement does not conform (background noise)

Question 9

Open mov tasks

Answer 9

Requires performers to adapt to constantly changing

Question 10

Closed mov task

Answer 10

Stereotyped task in relatively fixed or predictable environment

Question 11

Theory of motor control

Answer 11

Group of abstract ideas about the control of movement

Question 12

Reflexive Model

Answer 12

Reflexes are building blocks of complex behavior

Peripheral mode of operation

Question 13

Limits to Reflexive model

Answer 13

Does not account for voluntary mov
Does not explain mov in response to sensory stimulus
Single stimulus can result in varying responses depending on context & descending commands

Question 14

Hierarchical theory

Answer 14

Center mode of operation
Higher levels inhibit lower levels (Top Down)
Cortex-voluntary control tone & protective equilibrium reactions
subcortical- excitatory & inhibitory control tone & righting reactions
brain stem- tonic reflexes tone
spinal cord-stretch reflexes for tone & primitive equilibrium reflexes

Question 15

Motor Programming theories

Answer 15

Central And peripheral mode of operation
Storage of complex motor programs
CPG provide neural connections that are stereotyped and hardwired
Reflexes do not drive actions

Question 16

Define Synergy

Answer 16

Kinematic linkage of muscles moving together

Question 17

Limits to Motor Programming theory

Answer 17

CPGs cannot be considered the sole determinant of action

Doesn’t account for nervous system dealing with both MS & environmental variables to achieve mov control

Question 18

Systems theory

Answer 18

Function results from multisystem interaction. Int and ext forces
Coordinator structures
Synergies:ensures flexible and stable performance of motor demands
DOF: cont body in multiple DOF

Question 19

Define Motor Control

Answer 19

The ability to regulate and direct mechanisms essential to movement

Question 20

Dynamic systems theory

Answer 20

Control patterns
System of individual parts whose elements collectively behave in an ordered way
Mov emerges as a result of interacting elements w/out commands from nervous system

Question 21

Degree of flexibility

Answer 21

Attractor wells
Deep well: hard to charge the preferred pattern (stable rigid)
Shallow well: unstable pattern and less rigid

Question 22

Ecological Theory

Answer 22

Environment drives and molds activities

Limit: less emphasis on organization & function of nervous system