information processing

Question 1

Ecological IP theory

Answer 1

how motor programming interacts with the environment to perform a goal oriented behavior
-organization of the motor output is specific to the task

Question 2

Cognitive IP theory

Answer 2

Humans interact with the environment as processors of information

• storage,coding,retrieval,transformation of info
• motor behavior & output

Question 3

Basic Assumptions of IP

Answer 3

processes via a series of systems:

• attention
• STM
• perception

Question 4

Does IP in humans resemble computers?

Answer 4

Central processor of limited capacity
combine info presented with stored info
humans can process more than 1 thing at a time (parallel processing)

Question 5

Serial Processing

Answer 5

• single channel models
• one thing being processed at a time
• controlled IP

Question 6

Parallel Processing

Answer 6

• multiple channel pathways
• processing more than 1 thing at a time
• automatic IP

Question 7

Three stages of IP

Answer 7

Stimulus Identification
Response selection
Response Processing

Question 8

Stimulus Identification

Answer 8

-detection of sensory stimuli & neural encoding of info

Question 9

2 substages of stimulus Identification

Answer 9

• stimulus detection

- pattern recognition

Question 10

pattern recognition

Answer 10

-decipher patterns of stimuli both static & dynamic
static=recognizing familiar face (object not moving)
dynamic=car driving towards you (object constantly changing)

Question 11

stimulus detection

Answer 11

-stimulus from env processed @ diff levels until memory is contacted

Question 12

Response Selection

Answer 12

Selection of which motor response to execute

Question 13

Hick’s Law

Answer 13

inc # of stimulus response=inc time

-more choices you have the longer it takes to chose one

Question 14

Fitt’s Law

Answer 14

the more complex the response, the longer the section time

-more info there is to process, longer it takes to select a response

Question 15

What affects response selection?

Answer 15

• performance
• practice
• 3 of stimulus responses available
• stimulus response compatibility (stronger w/ learned associations)

Question 16

Response Processing

Answer 16

organization and initiation of motor process

Question 17

Henry-Rogers experiments

Answer 17

• inc complexity of a response that needs programing=inc RT

- more time to process movements, increase accuracy demand, and longer movement durations

Question 18

factors affecting response programming

Answer 18

1. # of movements (that need to be programmed)
2. movement duration
3. Movement accuracy

Question 19

Anticipation

Answer 19

ability to predict occurrence of external stimuli & select appropriate response to it

Question 20

3 types of anticipation

Answer 20

1. perceptual: predictability from previous knowledge & experience
2. effector: how long is it going to take something to move
3. receptor: (mechanoréçtors) detection of sensations

Question 21

Spatial (event) Anticipation

Answer 21

aware of the type of stimulus that could be present and what subsequent responses would be required
-advanced info allows for response programming before stimulus has arrived–>decreased RT

Question 22

Temporal Anticipation

Answer 22

anticipation of when stimulus will arrive can lead to large decrease in RT

Question 23

Foreperiods

Answer 23

period of time prior to stimulus onset
-constant vs variable=variable in RT
constant & short foreperiods=shortest reaction times

Question 24

Cost Benefit analysis of anticipation

Answer 24

• respond quickly if anticipate correctly
• anticipate incorrectly->costs time b/c have to undo and replay appropriate motor plan, inc run time
• situation/task dependent

Question 25

Automatic processing

Answer 25

neuronal activation in response to stimuli
parallel in nature
greater capacity/fast acting

Question 26

Controlled Processing

Answer 26

requires selective attention
serial in nature
slow process

Question 27

Other things impacting IP

Answer 27

• Attention
• Arousal
• Anxiety

Question 28

Anxiety

Answer 28

distress about future events and uncertainties

-anxiety inc arousal levels

Question 29

Arousal

Answer 29

can have increased arousal w/out inc in anxiety
too-high–>goof for gross motor
too-low–> good for fine motor

Question 30

Inverted U Principle

Answer 30

there is an optimal level of arousal for each task

Question 31

IP under High arousal

Answer 31

perceptual narrowing

hypervigalence

Question 32

Perceptual narrowing

Answer 32

“tunnel vision”

• increased focus on stimuli related to the task at hand vs irrelevant stimuli
• dec ability to perceive other stimuli that may be important for the task later on

Question 33

Hypervigalance/Panic

Answer 33

severe stress which leads to severely disrupted actions

-freezing