THEORIES | KINDS | STAGES OF SLEEP Flashcards
- The Adaptive Theory of Sleep
- The Restorative Theory of Sleep
Theories of Sleep
Sleep is a product of evolution
The Adaptive Theory of Sleep
It proposes that animals and humans evolved different sleep patterns to avoid being present during their predators’ normal hunting times, typically at night.
The Adaptive Theory of Sleep
sleep is necessary to the physical health of the body, chemicals that were used up during the day’s activities are replenished and cellular damage is repaired
The Restorative Theory of Sleep
- REM (rapid eye movement) sleep
- non-REM (NREM) sleep.
2 KINDS OF SLEEP
a relatively psychologically active type of sleep when most of a person’s dreaming takes place
REM SLEEP
spans from lighter stages to a much deeper, more restful kind of sleep.
NREM SLEEP
the voluntary muscles are inhibited, move very little
REM SLEEP
the person’s body is free to move around (including kicking one’s bed partner)
NREM SLEEP
machine, allows scientists to record the brain-wave activity as a person passes through the various stages of sleep and to determine what type of sleep the person has entered
electroencephalograph/EEG
- beta waves
- alpha waves
- thetha waves
3 brain wave patterns
A wide-awake, alert and mentally active person will show a brain wave pattern of ?
beta waves
very small and very fast brain wave pattern
beta waves
The person is awake, relaxes and gets drowsy, slightly larger and slower waves will show a brain wave pattern of ?
alpha waves
slower and larger waves than alpha waves
theta waves
N1 (R&K Stage 1): Light Sleep
N2 (R&K Stage 2): Sleep Spindles
N3 (R&K Stages 3 and 4): Delta Waves Roll In
R (R&K REM)
4 stages of NREM
(sleep stages)
has an activity that resembles alert wakefulness but has relatively no muscle activity except rapid eye movement
REM
stage of sleep characterized by the presence of delta activity
STAGE N3
N3 (R&K Stages 3 and 4): Delta Waves Roll In
theta wave activity increases and alpha wave activity fades away, people are said to be entering what stage?
N1 (R&K Stage 1): Light Sleep
People may experience vivid visual events called hypnogogic images or hallucinations during this stage of sleep
N1 (R&K Stage 1): Light Sleep
The Greek word hypnos means
SLEEP
occurrence is called the hypnic jerk what stage of sleep?
N1 (R&K Stage 1): Light Sleep
The relaxation of the muscles as one drifts into sleep causes a “falling” sensation, at which point the body jerks awake to prevent the “fall” from the hypothetical tree
hypnic jerk
During this stage, the body temperature continues to drop. Heart rate slows, breathing becomes more shallow and irregular, and the EEG will show the first signs of sleep spindles
N2 (R&K Stage 2): Sleep Spindles
brief bursts of activity lasting only a second or two
sleep spindles
Theta waves still predominate in this stage, but if people are awakened during this stage, they will be aware of having been asleep.
N2 (R&K Stage 2): Sleep Spindles
If people are awakened at this point, they will probably not believe that they were asleep.
N1 (R&K Stage 1): Light Sleep
stages of sleep where delta waves appear
N3 (R&K Stages 3 and 4): Delta Waves Roll In
the slowest and largest waves make their appearance in N3, what do you call these waves?
delta waves
the person is in the deepest stage of sleep, often referred to as slow-wave sleep (SWS) or simply, deep sleep
N3 (R&K Stages 3 and 4): Delta Waves Roll In
It is during this stage that growth hormones (GH) are released from the pituitary gland and reach their peak.
The body is at its lowest level of functioning.
N3 (R&K Stages 3 and 4): Delta Waves Roll In
the time when body growth occurs
Deep sleep
The person is still asleep but in the stage known as ____ and sometimes referred to as paradoxical sleep.
rapid eye movement sleep (REM)
After spending some time in N3, the sleeping person will go back up through N2 and then into a stage in which body temperature increases to near-waking levels
R (R&K REM)
the eyes move rapidly under the eyelids, the heart beats much faster, and the brain waves resemble beta waves—the kind of brain activity that usually signals wakefulness.
R (R&K REM)
person in _____ is awakened, he or she almost always reports being in a dream state
REM SLEEP
associated with dreaming, and 90 percent of dreams take place in this
REM SLEEP
Dreams that tend to be more vivid, more detailed, longer, and more bizarre than the dreams of NREM sleep.
REM Dreams
tend to be more like thoughts about daily occurrences and far shorter than REM dreams
NREM Dreams
the body is unable to act upon these dreams under normal conditions because the voluntary muscles are paralyzed during REM sleep
sleep paralysis
considered a restful kind of sleep
REM SLEEP
(stage)
After a very physically demanding day, people tend to spend more time in what sleep?
NREM SLEEP
emotionally stressful day leads to increased time in what sleep?
REM SLEEP
if deprived of REM sleep, a person will experience greatly increased amounts of REM sleep the next night, a phenomenon called?
REM rebound
people deprived of REM sleep would become paranoid, seemingly mentally ill from lack of this one stage of sleep
REM myth
