Theories & Human Development

Question 1

Maslow’s hierarchy of needs

Answer 1

(Bottomg to top)

Physiological - basic needs
Safety & security- personal security, employment, health, property
Love/Belonging- sense of connection
Self-esteem- sense of worth, independence
Self-actualization- meeting ones own sense of potential

Question 2

Freuds four unconscious elements

Answer 2

Covert desires
Defenses needed to protect
Dreams
Unconscious wishes

Question 3

Freuds 3 levels of the mind

Answer 3

Conscious
Unconscious
Preconscious

Question 4

Freuds personality development structure

Answer 4

ID
Ego
Super-ego

Question 5

Freuds psychosexual stages of development

Answer 5

Oral (birth to 1.5 years)
Anal (1.5 to 3 years)
Phallic (3 to 6 years)
Latency (6 to 10 years)
Genital (10 to adulthood)

Question 6

Erik Eriksons psychosocial stages of development

Answer 6

Trust vs. mistrust (birth to 1.5 years)
Autonomy vs. shame (1.5 to 3 years)
Initiative vs. guilt (3 to 6 years)
Industry vs inferiority (6 to 11 years)
Identity vs. role confusion (11 to adolescence)
Intimacy vs. isolation (early childhood)
Generativity vs. stagnation (adulthood)
Ego integrity vs. despair (late adulthood)

Question 7

Piagets stages of cognitive and moral development

Answer 7

Sensorimotor (birth to 2 years)
Pre-operational (2 to 7 years)
Concrete operational (7 to 11 years)
Formal operational (11 years to adolescence)

Question 8

Parenting styles

Answer 8

Authoritarian (autocratic)
Authoritative (democratic)
Indulgent (permissive)
Indifferent (uninvolved)

Question 9

Pavlov’s learning theory

Answer 9

Unconditioned response and conditioned response

Question 10

Skinner’s theory

Answer 10

Empty organism concept- an infant has the capacity for action built into his or her physical make up.

Question 11

Peplau’s theory of interpersonal relations

Answer 11

Pre-orientation
Orientation
Working
Termination

Question 12

Family life cycle

Answer 12

Independent
Coupling
Parenting
Empty nest
Retirement

Question 13

Stages of the “coming out process”

Answer 13

Confusion
Explore
Breakthrough
Acceptance
Pride
Synthesis

Question 14

Kubler-Ross’s five stages of grief

Answer 14

Denial
Anger
Bargaining
Depression
Acceptance

Question 15

How many children live in poverty in the US?

Answer 15

1 in 6 children

Question 16

Alcohol use assessment tool

Answer 16

C- Cutting down
A- Annoyed at criticism
G- Guilty feeling
E- Eye-opener

Question 17

Likert scale

Answer 17

1. Never
2. Rarley
3. Sometimes
4. Usually
5. Always

Question 18

Levels of observation

Answer 18

Casual informational observation
Guided observation
Clinical observation

Question 19

Kohlberg’s theory of moral development

Answer 19

Level 1 stage 1 - avoiding punishment
Level 1 stage 2 - mutual benefit & reward

Level 2 stage 3- social approval
Level 2 stage 4- law and order

Level 3 stage 5- social contract orientation
Level 3 stage 6- universal principles

Question 20

Hartmann’s ego psychology theory

Answer 20

Children are born with both ids and egos

Question 21

SOAP

Answer 21

Method of problem-oriented recording
Subjective
Objective
Assessment
Plan

Question 22

Attachment styles

Answer 22

Ambivalent
Avoidant
Disorganized
Secure

Question 23

Carl Rogers explored…

Answer 23

Self-actualization (humanistic theory)

Question 24

Albert Bandura’s theory

Answer 24

Social cognitive theory or (social learning theory)

Question 25

Charles Darwin’s theory

Answer 25

Evolutionary & natural selection theories