Theories - Effects of Media

Question 1

What is the Social Learning Theory

Answer 1

Children learn new behaviours by observing and imitating action. This also applies to actions observed in media.

Question 2

Who came up with The Social Learning Theory?

Answer 2

Albert Bandura

Question 3

What is the Moral Panic theory?

Answer 3

Public concern that a media product is seen as threatening to society and its values and is therefore blamed for influencing crimes and behaviours.

Question 4

Who came up with the Moral Panic theory?

Answer 4

Stanley Cohen

Question 5

What is the stereotypes theory?

Answer 5

Audience’s are likely to stereotype people based on how they are presented in media.

Question 6

Who came up with the stereotypes theory?

Answer 6

Walter Lipmann

Question 7

What is the Hypodermic Needle Theory?

Answer 7

Media messages are inserted into the brains of a passive audience, meaning they absorb violent and anti-social content without thought.

Question 8

Who created the Hypodermic Needle Theory?

Answer 8

Harold Lasswell

Question 9

What is the Cultivation Theory?

Answer 9

Audiences become desensitised overtime to violence by viewing it in media.

Question 10

Who invented the Cultivation Theory?

Answer 10

George Gerbner

Question 11

What is the Audience Response theory?

Answer 11

Audiences are not passive, they are actively involved in media consumption so they can separate fictional and real world scenarios.

Question 12

Who invented the Audience Response Theory?

Answer 12

Stuart Hall

Question 13

What is the Catharsis Theory?

Answer 13

Fictional violence in media reduces violence in real life as it can be used as an outlet for aggressive feelings.

Question 14

Who invented the Catharsis Theory?

Answer 14

Gotthold Lessing but has roots in Aristotle

Question 15

What is the Confluence Model of Sexual Aggression?

Answer 15

Suggests exposure to violent pornography impacts men’s objectification of women and causes increased sexual violence and aggression.

Question 16

Who believes that pornography impacts sexual violence?

Answer 16

Feminist sociologists Dworkin and Morgan.

Question 17

What is the Semiotics Theory?

Answer 17

Media uses signs to convey meanings

Question 18

Who invented the Semiotics Theory?

Answer 18

Roland Barthes

Question 19

When was the Semiotics Theory invented?

Answer 19

1957

Question 20

What is the Male Gaze Theory?

Answer 20

Women are objectified in media for the pleasure of male viewers

Question 21

Who invented the Male Gaze Theory?

Answer 21

Laura Mulvey

Question 22

What is the Hyperreality Theory?

Answer 22

Media blurs lines between reality and representation

Question 23

Who invented the Hyperreality theory?

Answer 23

Jean Baudrillard

Question 24

What is the Feminist Theory?

Answer 24

Media reinforces gender stereotypes

Question 25

Who invented the Feminist Theory?

Answer 25

Liesbet van Zoonen

Question 26

What is the Theory on Ethnicity?

Answer 26

Media represents ethnicity through 4 stereotypes; exotic, dangerous, humorous and pitied

Question 27

Who invented the Theory on Ethnicity?

Answer 27

Alvarado

Question 28

What is the Gender Performativity Theory?

Answer 28

Gender is performed based on societal expectations and media reinforces or challenges gender norms

Question 29

Who invented the Gender Performativity theory?

Answer 29

Judith Butler

Question 30

What is the Star Persona Theory?

Answer 30

Celebrity stars are contrasted to represent specific ideologies that reflects social and cultural values

Question 31

Who invented the Star Persona Theory?

Answer 31

Richard Dyer

Question 32

What is the end of audience theory?

Answer 32

Audiences are no longer passive due to the way social media operates. Technology has changed our behaviour; instead of just consuming media passively, we also contribute to it. In his argument, no audience is passive.

Question 33

What is the fandom theory?

Answer 33

Fans are devoted followers of media texts who actively engage with the products to construct their own meanings and interpretations beyond the original message

Question 34

What is Representation Theory?

Answer 34

How people are represented e.g their gender, race, age, is not always accurate to real life. This can also cause stereotypes

Question 35

Who invented Representation Theory?

Answer 35

Stuart Hall

Question 36

What is Identity Theory?

Answer 36

People's identities are influenced by the media they consume.

Question 37

What is the media effect theory?

Answer 37

-The media can implant ideas in the mind of the audience directly as they are passive. -Audiences acquire attitudes, emotional responses and new conduct via modelling -Representations of transgressive behaviour (aggression) are imitable (bobo dolls)

Question 38

Who invented Identity Theory?

Answer 38

David Gauntlett

Question 39

What is Post-Colonialism Theory?

Answer 39

Colonialism still influences how different races and countries are portrayed and viewed.

Question 40

Who invented the Post-Colonialism Theory?

Answer 40

Paul Gilroy

Question 41

What is Feminist Theory?

Answer 41

Feminism is an effort to end sexist, patriarchal oppression

Question 42

Who invented Feminist Theory?

Answer 42

Bell Hooks

Question 43

What is the Otherness Theory?

Answer 43

Relates to how white/western cultures portray non-western cultures

Question 44

Who invented the Otherness Theory?

Answer 44

Edward Said

Question 45

What is the Racial Stereotypes Theory?

Answer 45

Black people are represented 4 ways by Western media: -The Exotic -The dangerous -The Pitied -The Humorous

Question 46

Who invented the Racial Stereotypes Theory?

Answer 46

Manuel Alvarado

Question 47

What is the Stereotype Theory?

Answer 47

Not all stereotypes are negative Not all stereotypes are about minority groups Not all stereotypes are rigid or unchanging Some stereotypes can be held about peoples own groups Not all stereotypes are false

Question 48

Who invented the Stereotype Theory?

Answer 48

Tessa Perkins