⭐️ theories - ducks phase model✅

Question 1

what are the principles behind this model?

Answer 1

its an explanation of the stages partners go through when the rship isn’t working

Question 2

what did duck say about ending rships?

when does the breakdown begin?

Answer 2

• it isnt a one off event, the process takes time a d ppl have to go through 4 phases
• when the partner begins to feels dissatisfied

Question 3

what are the 4 phases?

Answer 3

1️⃣ intra - psychic = all in there head, partner cant stand it anymore, determined to make a change, weighs up pros and cons

2️⃣ dyadic = concludes they would be justified for leaving and they need to discuss their ship and unhappiness, can cause arguing and end or make up

3️⃣ social = involves the couples social networks, mutual friends have to chose a side, no return for the ship

4️⃣ grave dressing = partners create a story to favour them, and make the opposite party look bad, gossip occurs for ‘social credit’ and partners try to move on

Question 4

AO3:

✅ strength

❌ 2 weakness

Answer 4

✅ Useful real life applications, helps to identify and understand the stages of rship breakdown but also suggests various ways of reversing it. model is useful because it recognises that different repair strategies are more effective at particular points in the breakdown than at others. Duck recommends that people in the intra-psychic phase could be encouraged to focus their brooding on the positive aspects of their partner. Also, as a feature of the dyadic phase is communication, any attempt to improve this and perhaps improve wider social skills could be beneficial in fostering greater stability in the rship.
Neither of these strategies is likely to be of much use in the later phases of the breakdown. Such insights, could be used in rship counselling

❌ Methodological issues, Most of the research relating to Duck’s model is retrospective. Ppts give their experiences of the breakdown process sometime after the relationship has ended. This means that what they can recall might not always be accurate or reliable. the very early stages of breakdown that tend to be distorted. Its impossible to study this phase of the process, the point at which problems first appear. Researchers are very reluctant to study relationships at this early point because their involvement could make things worse. This means that part of Duck’s model is based on research that ignores this early part of the process, so it is an incomplete description of how relationships end.

❌ cultural bias, firmly based on the experience of relationships in Western cultures, especially in the USA. Moghaddam et al (1993), rships in individualist cultures are generally voluntary and frequently come to an end. rships in collectivist cultures are more likely to be obligatory, less easy to end, involve the wider family and in some cases even arranged with little involvement of the partners. the whole conception of a romantic relationship differs between cultures. unlikely that the process of the relationship breakdown is identical across different cultures.

Question 5

what are the 3 reasons for breakdown?

Answer 5

1 - pre existing doom = partners aren’t compatible from the start

2- mechanical failure = compatible ppl can no longer function as a couple

3- sudden death = traumatic event such as cheating