Theories and Techniques Flashcards
Psychoanalytic Therapy
Behavior determined by instincts/drives, irrational forces, and unconscious motivations. Biological and instinctual drives evolve into key psychosexual stages in first six years of life. (Freud). Id, Ego, and Superego make up personality.
Id
untamed drives and impulses. Seeking pleasure and avoiding pain.
Ego
Seeking pleasure and avoiding pain is tempered by reality. Mediator for Id, demands compromises of Id, Superego, and World
Superego
Internalized social component. Often rooted in what person believes are the expectations of their parent. Sets up conscience and moral code.
Jung’s Analytical Therapy
Unconscious mind holds repressed memories and other information unique to individual but not necessarily driven by sexual impulses. Importance of dream and integration of conscious and unconscious in midlife.
Adlerian Therapy
Trying to obtain the image held in our subjective final goal. Have a private logic or unconscious beliefs that create subjective final goal. How is client compensating for feelings of inferiority? Importance of birth order.
Person-Centered Therapy (Carl Rogers)
Need for self-actualization and positive regard. Focus on person, feelings, and present time. Importance of relationship.
Gestalt Therapy
Fritz Perls is key figure. Individuals have the capacity to self-regulate when they are aware of what is going on inside and around them. Authentic change occurs when we learn to be who we are and not who we are not. Importance of holism.
Existential Therapy
Key figures (Irvin Yalom, Viktor Frankl). We are who we choose to be. Importance of choice in all circumstances. How to make meaning of one’s life.
Reality Therapy
Fulfill the need for satisfaction of one or more these five needs:
Survival, Love and Belonging, Power, Freedom, and Fun. The WDEP System:
-W: Identify WANTS of the quality world
-D: Doing & direction. Where is the client headed and what are they doing?
-E: self-EVALUATION techniques to determine what the client is going toward goals
-P: Make specific, workable PLANS
Behavior Therapy
Skinner and Pavlov as key figures. Drives are the effect of deprivation and reinforcement. Operant conditioning, classical conditioning, and modeling are all important. Behaviors and cognitions are conditioned. Focus on ABC (Antecedent, Behavior, Consequences).
Narrative Therapy
People assemble internal narratives of their lives that become self-reinforcing. Help client to see themselves as empowered and living the way they want. Strengths-based. Change occurs by exploring how language is used to create and explore problems. Problems are manufactured in social, cultural, and political contexts.
Feminist Therapy
The personal is political. Problems tend to lie in the social-cultural context, specifically the patriarchal society. Seek to reduce power imbalance in therapeutic relationship. Encourage individual and social change. Looking at role of external forces like discrimination and harassment. Empower client.
Relational Cultural Theory (RCT)
Growth is relational. See self in relation. Issues arise in disconnection and isolation.
Solution Focused Brief Therapy (SFBT)
Assumes that resistance does not exist and clients genuinely want to change to meet basic needs. Think miracle question. Focus on what the client can change.
Adlerian Groups
In Adlerian groups, emphasis is not placed on the present. Emphasis is placed on an interpretation of a person’s early history.
The following are common aspects of Adlerian groups: there is a focus on the individual, interpersonal, and group process goals during the duration of the group, goals may include individual, interpersonal, or group goals, and group leaders should serve as role models for group members.
6 Propositions of Existential Therapy
-Everyone is capable of self-awareness.
-Free will means accepting the consequences of one’s actions
-The only way to know a person’s identity is through meaningful relationships
-Life is in constant flux, which means a person’s identity is also constantly changing
-Fear of the unknown is part of the human condition
-Death gives life meaning
REBT
Albert Ellis as a major figure. People contribute to their own psychological problems as well as to specific symptoms by the rigid and extreme beliefs they hold about events and situations. “Tyranny of the shoulds.” ABC framwork
