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Sociology Key terms > Theories and Methods Key Terms > Flashcards

Theories and Methods Key Terms Flashcards

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Sociology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Comparative Study

A

Comparing two social groups

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1
Q

Conflict Theory

A

The reason tensions and conflicts happen is because of the uneven distribution of resources, power, and status

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2
Q

Consensus

A

Agreement

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3
Q

Content analysis

A

Analysing the content of artefacts such as TV programmes or books

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4
Q

Covert participant observation

A

The researcher is undercover but acts like a member of the group

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5
Q

Field Experiments

A

An experiment in a natural setting

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6
Q

Focus Group

A

A group interview that represents a larger population

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7
Q

Generalisability

A

When the findings represent a larger population

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8
Q

Group Interview

A

When the researcher asks questions to more than one participant at the same time

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9
Q

Hawthorne/ Observer Effect

A

When a participant changes their behaviour/answers because they know they are being observed

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10
Q

Historical Documents

A

documents from the past used to find information

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11
Q

Identity

A

A social construction of who we are

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12
Q

Interpretivism

A

people have their own motivations for their actions

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13
Q

Interview Bias

A

When an interviewers own personal beliefs and expectations influence the structure of the questions and the responses to them

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14
Q

Interviewer Effect

A

When a participant may be intimidated by the interviewer and change their answers

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15
Q

Laboratory experiments

A

An artificial setting where the independent and dependent variables are manipulated

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16
Q

Longitudinal survey

A

Data is collected at regular intervals over a long period of time

17
Q

Macro approaches

A

Looking at society and populations on a larger scale

18
Q

Micro approaches

A

Looking at society and populations in a more individual way

19
Q

Non-participant observation

A

When a researcher observes a group without direct involvement. Such as an OFSTED inspection

20
Q

Objectivity

A

When a researcher is unbiased and not influenced by their own emotions or personal expectations

21
Q

Official/non official statistics

A

Official - The Government releasing statistics in quantitative forms
Non official - Quantitative data released by public and private organisations

22
Q

pre-coded questions

A

Closed questions arranged before being asked. Yes/No answers

23
Q

Overt participant observation

A

The researcher makes their identity and purpose known to the group

24
Q

Perspectives

A

Delving deeper into people’s actions and organisations. Includes Funtional, Marxist, Interactionalist

25
Q

Pilot Study

A

A smaller study before the actual one to test and see if there are any problems with the study

26
Q

Positivism

A

Positivists who believe that society is made up of social facts such as official statistics

27
Q

Reliability

A

Whether the study can be replicated to find the same results

28
Q

Respondent

A

Another word for the participant

29
Q

Response rate

A

The number of people given a questionnaire vs those that actually respond

30
Q

Random sampling

A

When everyone in the sampling frame has an equal chance of being selected

31
Q

Snowball sampling

A

For example when a researcher wants to study criminals they will find a handful of criminals then ask them to ask their aquaintances who are also criminals

32
Q

Quota sampling

A

When there’s a list of various characteristics of the target population and each characteristic is picked

33
Q

Stratified sampling

A

When the total population is split into smaller groups based of specific characteristics

34
Q

Sampling frame

A

A list of all the members of the population that the researcher is interested in which the sample (smaller group) is chosen from

35
Q

Structuralism

A

Is a very generalised theory of culture and how human culture must be understood by their relationship with a larger system. We are all involved in the larger systems.

36
Q

Structured Interview

A

The interviewer has a pre-set list of questions that won’t be changed

37
Q

Subjectivity

A

A form of bias which affects an individuals perception and judgement

38
Q

Trend

A

A pattern of data that is seen again and again and affects a wider range of people

39
Q

Triangulation

A

Using three different contrasting methods in a study to produce three different sets of data

40
Q

Validity

A

How true or accurate the findings are to reality and if they match up to what the research method intended to measure

Sociology Key terms (4 decks)

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