Crime + Deviance Key Terms

Question 1

Crime

Answer 1

A Law-Breaking behaviour

Question 2

Deviance

Answer 2

A rule-breaking behaviour

Question 3

Conformity

Answer 3

Fitting in and being obedient

Question 4

Positive sanctions

Answer 4

A reward

Question 5

Negative sanctions

Answer 5

A punishment

Question 6

Formal social control

Answer 6

Written rules/ laws= punishment by police or teachers etc

Question 7

Informal social control

Answer 7

Unwritten rules= being casted out of a friend group and gossiped about as punishment

Question 8

Labelling

Answer 8

People are given a label and feel they must live up to it

Question 9

Crime not Deviance

Answer 9

Actions that are illegal but are so common. Like speeding

Question 10

Relative Deprivation

Answer 10

We are wealthy, but we feel poor because of what we see portrayed on TV and want more things

Question 11

Sub-culture

Answer 11

Smaller cultures within a culture

Question 12

Law enforcement agencies

Answer 12

Lawyers, police, judges and anyone else involved in convicting a person of a law break

Question 13

Masculinity

Answer 13

The want to prove you are manly by going to extreme measures such as crime and risk taking

Question 14

Agencies of social control

Answer 14

Individuals or a group attempting to limit/regulate another persons behaviour. Can be family

Question 15

Anomie

Answer 15

A social condition of normlessness

Question 16

Community sentencing

Answer 16

Giving back to the community. Community service

Question 17

Corporate crime

Answer 17

A type of white-collar crime that is for the BENEFIT of the company

Question 18

Crime rate

Answer 18

A measure of change in recorded crime

Question 19

Crime prevention

Answer 19

Formal and informal social control measures

Question 20

Cybercrime

Answer 20

Illegal activities carried out over a computer or network such as internet. Online scams, hacking etc

Question 21

Dark figure

Answer 21

The amount of unreported or undiscovered crime

Question 22

Deterrent

Answer 22

How to deter and prevent crime

Question 23

Deviancy amplification

Answer 23

That by the media reporting on crimes, it is contributing to more people committing them

Question 24

Deviant career

Answer 24

A job that is considered deviant. Strippers, drug dealers (more of a crime), Porn star etc

Question 25

Dominant values

Answer 25

Values that limit social sanctions. For example trying to control a society that values personal freedom

Question 26

Exile/Ostracism

Answer 26

Banishing someone from their country as a punishment

Question 27

Inadequate socialisation

Answer 27

Explaining young peoples involvement in crime. Highlights the negative influence of home environment and failure to socialise their children correctly

Question 28

Internet Crime

Answer 28

Cybercime. Using the internet to commit fraudulent activities

Question 29

Judicial system

Answer 29

A court system that makes decisions based off the law

Question 30

Juvenile Delinquency

Answer 30

Wrong doing by a child or young person below the age of 18

Question 31

Master status

Answer 31

The social position a person holds

Question 32

Material Deprivation

Answer 32

The inability to access or afford resources and services. A person may commit robbery etc in order to get this

Question 33

Moral panic

Answer 33

an irrational fear spread and exaggerated by the media

Question 34

Official crime statistics

Answer 34

Crime data primarily gathered by the police

Question 35

Peer group

Answer 35

Your friends. They may encourage you to commit a crime

Question 36

Penal system

Answer 36

The legal punishment for crimes

Question 37

Policing

Answer 37

Aims to maintain social order and enforces the law

Question 38

Rehabilitation

Answer 38

Applying treatment and training to a person who has committed a crime in order to return to society

Question 39

Rewards

Answer 39

Can be praise, recognition, attention, or acceptance

Question 40

Self-report study

Answer 40

Where the participants record answers

Question 41

Socialisation

Answer 41

Process where people become members of society

Question 42

Sociological explanation

Answer 42

Explaining why people commit crimes through theories

Question 43

Status frustration

Answer 43

Explains why working-class males commit crimes as a reaction towards a higher, more successful class than them such as the middle-class

Question 44

Stereotyping

Answer 44

Labelling theory which says that agents of social control stereotype the powerless as deviant based off stereotypical assumptions

Question 45

Stigma

Answer 45

A behaviour or reputation which leads people to be seen as tainted to others

Question 46

Surveillance

Answer 46

Security cameras, patrol etc

Question 47

Targeting

Answer 47

Criminals will target easy places/people to commit their crimes upon.

Question 48

urban crime

Answer 48

Criminal activities occurring in cities and urban areas

Question 49

Victim surveys

Answer 49

Surveying the victims

Question 50

White-collar crime

Answer 50

Non-violent crime that is typically money-motivated and is committed by a person with high social status

Question 51

Youth culture/ sub culture

Answer 51

Younger people who share the same interests or culture