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Theories Flashcards

1
Q

Jung

A

Analytical psychology

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2
Q

Transactional analysis parts of the mind

A

Child, adult, parent

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3
Q

Thantos

A

Freudian concept; individuals demonstrating self destructive behavior ruled by this force

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4
Q

Free association

A

Analytic technique where client is instructed to say whatever comes to mind

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5
Q

Transference

A

Client treats therapist in similar manner as a previous individual

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6
Q

Countertransference

A

Redirection of therapist’s feelings towards client

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7
Q

Symptom substitution

A

If symptom (not the underlying problem) is addressed another symptom will occur to replace it

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8
Q

Eric Berne

A

Transactional analysis

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9
Q

Psychodynamic vs psychoanalytic therapy

A

Fewer sessions, uses analytic principles, and is face to face

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10
Q

Catharsis or abrecation

A

Talking about difficulties in order to purge emotions

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11
Q

Topographical theory

A

Freud’s model of the mind represented as an iceberg (conscious above water, preconscious, unconscious)

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12
Q

Interpretation

A

Helps client become aware of the unconscious

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13
Q

Parapraxis

A

Slips of the tongue, pathology of every day life

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14
Q

Ego defense mechanisms

A

Unconscious processes which serve to minimize anxiety and protect the self from severe Id or superego demands, protect self image. Tends to deny or distort reality

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15
Q

Repression

A

Ego defense mechanism, viewed as the most important. Individual truly forgets painful memory

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16
Q

Denial

A

Ego defense mechanism, suppression

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17
Q

Reaction formation

A

Ego defense mechanism, act opposite of how one feels

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18
Q

Projection

A

Ego defense mechanism, attribute own qualities to others

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19
Q

Displacement

A

Ego defense mechanism, divert energy on to safe target

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20
Q

Rationalization

A

Ego defense mechanism, making up reason or excuse for bruises ego

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21
Q

Sublimination

A

Ego defense mechanism, divert energy into other channels

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22
Q

Regression

A

Ego defense mechanism, go back to earlier development phase with fewer demands

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23
Q

Introjection

A

Ego defense mechanism, taking in values of others

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24
Q

Identification

A

Ego defense mechanism, associating self with something successful

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25
Compensation
Ego defense mechanism, overdevelop a trait to make up for limitation
26
Kohler
Experiments on monkeys that found insight - client becomes aware of a factor in his/her life that was previously unknown
27
Psyche
Total human mind including the unconscious and conscious
28
Logos
Men's mind operation, based on logic
29
Eros
Women's mind operation, based on intuition
30
Introversion
Turning in of libido. Self brings pleasure
31
Extroversion
Finding pleasure in external factors
32
Collective unconscious
Jung's concept. Common to all men and women, deepest level of the psyche containing the accumulation of inherited experiences of humanity made up of archetypes
33
Archetypes
Universal experiences or symbols that mean something to everyone (includes persona, ego, shadow, anima/animus, & self)
34
Depth psychology
Assumes something is wrong below the level of awareness
35
Individuation
Harmonious integration of unconscious and conscious where one learns to accept shadow
36
Persona
Mask or face presented to outside world
37
Ego
Center of consciousness, but is influenced by unconscious
38
Shadow
Qualities we wish to keep out of sight, forced out of awareness
39
Anima/animus
Equally exists in both genders. Female & male qualities.
40
Self
Totality of entire psyche, created via individuation
41
Adler
Individual psychology
42
Social connectedness
Goal of individual psychology, desire to belong
43
Paradoxical techniques
Intentionally exaggerate behavior to address problem
44
Confrontation
Individual psychology technique. Pointing out discrepancy between behavior and emotion or behavior and intention.
45
Frederick Thorne
Believed in incorporating the best of each theory in a scientific matter
46
Associationism
Ideas held together by associations, John Locke
47
Skinner
Behavior modification, operant conditioning
48
Law of effect
Thorndike. Reinforcement theory based on this idea. | States that responses associated with pleasure will be repeated.
49
Positive reinforcement
Adding something of value to reinforce
50
Negative reinforcement
Exhibit a behavior to avoid aversive stimuli, reinforcing behavior
51
Positive punishment
Stimulus added, behavior decreases
52
Negative punishment
Stimulus removed, behavior decreases
53
Pavlov
Behavior therapy, classical conditioning
54
Conditioned behavior
Learned behavior
55
Unconditioned behavior
A behavior that is not learn, is natural
56
Respondent behavior
natural reflexes
57
Higher order conditioning
Replace a conditioned stimulus with another conditioned stimulus
58
Forward conditioning
Conditioned stimulus before unconditioned stimulus
59
Delay conditioning
CS delayed until US occurs
60
Unconditioned stimulus
Stimulus that causes a natural response (i.e. food causes the salivation)
61
Stimulus generalization Irradiation Second-order conditioning
Stimulus similar to conditioned stimulus produces the same reaction
62
Experimental neurosis
Stimuli become difficult to differentiate
63
Chaining
Sequence of behaviors in operant conditioning joined together by reinforcers
64
Baseline
Frequency of a behavior prior to treatment
65
Joseph Wolpe
Systematic desensitization
66
Systematic desensitization
Imagining increasingly anxiety arousing situations while engaging in behaviors to compete with anxiety (based on Pavlov)
67
Subjective units of distress scale
Used to form hierarchy for Systematic desensitization
68
Neal Miller
Studied rats and found autonomic processes can be controlled
69
Concreteness
Asks a question in attempt to eliminate vagueness
70
Directive
A suggestion
71
Paradigm
Model
72
Active therapy
Directive therapy where therapist provides direct suggestions
73
Premack principle
States an efficient reinforcer is what a person likes to do. Take a lower probability behavior and reinforce with a higher probability behavior
74
Intermittent reinforcing Thinning Partial reinforcement
Skinner. Behavior not reinforced every time, only during intervals or ratios.
75
Ratio reinforcement
Reinforce based on # of responses
76
Interval reinforcement
Reinforce based on time elapsed
77
Process of systematic desensitization
1) Relaxation training 2) Construction of anxiety hierarchy 3) Desensitization in imagination (interposition) 4) In vivo desensitization
78
In vivo
Direct exposure
79
Covert sensitization
Imagine bad stimulus causing negative effective (i.e; alcohol=nausea) , then imagine desired stimulus causing a positive effective (water=relief)
80
Implosive therapy
Relies on imagination to expose individual to feared stimulus (Stampfl)
81
Flooding
Genuine exposure to feared stimulus
82
Frankl
Logo therapy (based on existentialism)
83
Albert Ellis
Rational Emotive Behavior Therapy
84
REBT
assumes client's emotional disturbance is some result of irrational thoughts and ideas
85
Meichenbaum
Cognitive restructuring & stress innoculation
86
cognitive restructuring
learning to use new internal dialogue
87
Aaron Beck
cognitive therapy
88
Logotherapy
Frankl; Healing through meaning.
89
Vertical relationship
Counselor viewed as a superior
90
Horizontal relationship
"I-Thou" relationship, counselor viewed as equal (used in existentialism)
91
Yalom & May
Contributed to existential therapy
92
Worlds of existentialism
Umwelt, Mitwelt, eigenwelt
93
Umwelt
physical world of existentialism
94
Mitwelt
relationship world of existentialism
95
Eigenwelt
identity world of existentialism
96
Phenomenology
Client's internal personal experiences of events
97
Ontology
Philosophy of being & existing
98
William Glasser
Reality therapy
99
BCP
Abbreviation used in reality therapy which asserts that perception controls our behavior
100
Reality therapy
Belief that underlying problems are related to relationships

NCE (3 decks)

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