theories

Question 0

is the pleasure seeking side, immature, impulsive, child-like and cannot delay gratification. it has no regard of others and the law

Answer 0

id

Question 1

is a system of concepts which attempts a person to describe and explain behavior

Answer 1

theory

Question 2

concerns with reality, controls the id, and can delay pressure. it can conform with existing societal consideration.

Answer 2

ego

Question 3

refers to the conscience and the mortal judge of conduct. violation of the rules leads to guilt feelings. it strives for perfection rather than pleasure. it makes a person feel guilty when he does not live up to standards

Answer 3

superego

Question 4

the mouth, the lips, and tongue are the major source of gratification.

Answer 4

oral period

Question 5

this begins at about 18 months and gratification comes through control of bowel movement.

Answer 5

anal period

Question 6

this begins roughly at three years old. the pleasure is derived from the genital organs

Answer 6

phallic period

Question 7

this corresponds o middle childhood. the focus shifts from sexual gratification in learning to cope with one’s environment, especially school

Answer 7

latency period

Question 8

this begins at puberty. the young person begins to regard others not as a source of self-gratification but as a unique individual to be loved for their own sake

Answer 8

genital period

Question 9

erik erikson’s psychosocial stages of development

1.

Answer 9

1.trust vs mistrust(birth- 1 year)- center around the nurturance and security the child perceives in his relations with his parents

Question 10

erik erikson’s psychosocial stages of development

2.

Answer 10

2.autonomy vs shame and doubt (second year)- the child tries to explore and manipulate the world

Question 11

erik erikson’s psychosocial stages of development

3.

Answer 11

3.initiative vs guilt (3-6)- involves the success of the child’s explorations as well as the development of self control and conscience.

Question 12

erik erikson’s psychosocial stages of development

4.

Answer 12

4.industry vs inferiority (6-puberty)- he central factors are the skills and values significant in the child’s culture.

Question 13

erik erikson’s psychosocial stages of development

5.

Answer 13

5.identity formation vs role confusion (adolescence)- centering around he risks of an integrated sense of positive identity.

Question 14

erik erikson’s psychosocial stages of development

6.

Answer 14

6.intimacy vs isolation (early adulthood)- centering around the risks of association and commitment to others.

Question 15

erik erikson’s psychosocial stages of development

7.

Answer 15

7.generativity vs stagnation (middle age)- the central problems at this stage relate to the concerns of the family, society, and posterity as opposed to self-centerdness or self absorption.

Question 16

erik erikson’s psychosocial stages of development

8.

Answer 16

integrity vs despair (old age)- the sense of fulfillment and acceptance as opposed to a feeling of despair at the missed opportunities for fulfillment.

Question 17

jean piaget’s four stages of cognitive development

Answer 17

sensorimotor (birth-2)
pre-operational (2-7)
concrete operational (7-12)
formal operation (12- older)

Question 18

babies use their senses and their motor behaviors rather than their thinking to learn about their world.

Answer 18

sensorimotor (birth-2)

Question 19

is the realization that an object (or person) continues to be present even if it is already absent.

Answer 19

object permanence

Question 20

children at this stage use symbols like words to represent people and objects. they can also imitate actions and learn how to do numbers and understand relationships between two events (children are egocentric at this stage. they don’t consider the point of view of others)

Answer 20

pre-operational (2-7)

Question 21

at this point, they can put themselves in the shoes of others (empathy) and can make moral judgement.they begin to use logic regarding tangible or concrete objects or happening

Answer 21

concrete operation (7-12)

Question 22

children at this point can think life scientist. they can already solve problems through logical reasoning, even theoretically and abstractly. they consider all available data before they conclude.

Answer 22

formal operation (12-older)

Question 23

lawrence kohlberg’s three level moral development

Answer 23

preconventional morality
conventional mortality
post conventional morality

Question 24

the consequences determine morality; behavior that is rewarded is right; that which punished is wrong

Answer 24

preconventional morality

Question 25

conformity to social norms is right; non conformity is wrong people approach moral problems as a members of society. they are interested in pleasing others by acting as good members of society

Answer 25

conventional morality

Question 26

people use moral principles which are seen as broader than those of any particular society.

Answer 26

post conventional morality

Question 27

means responding to new stimulus through existing cognitive structures.

Answer 27

assimilation

Question 28

is a pattern of action or a “mental structure” involved in acquiring or organizing knowledge

Answer 28

schema

Question 29

is the creation of new ways of responding to objects or looking at the world.

Answer 29

accomodation

Question 30

the amount of time spent looking at a visual stimulus

Answer 30

fixation time

Question 31

according to piaget, recognition hat the basic properties of substances such as weight and mass remain the same when superficial features change

Answer 31

conservation

Question 32

simultaneous focusing on more than one dimension of a problem so that flexible reversible thought becomes possible

Answer 32

decentration

Question 33

according to piaget, the assignment of blame according to the amount of damage done rather than the motives of the actor

Answer 33

objective responsibility

Question 34

refers to the temporary support provided by a parent or teacher to a child who is learning to perform task

Answer 34

scaffolding

Question 36

the enduring affectional tie that binds one person to another

Answer 36

attachment

Question 37

a conflict of the phallic stage in which the boy wishes to posses his mother sexually and perceive his father as a rival in love

Answer 37

oedipus complex

Question 38

the reasonable stable patterns of emotions, motives, and behavior that distinguish one person from another

Answer 38

personality