nature and definition of psychology Flashcards
two greek words logos and psyche meaning
study and mind or soul
is the scientific study of human behavior and mental processes. it is concerned with what people do, how they do it and why they do it
psychology
is the father of psychology because he is the first person to put into writing his explanation about behavior
Aristotle
it is scientific because
a.
b.
c.
systematic (it follows certain steps)
empirical (based on truth/previous inv.
dependent upon measurement (uses iq test and personality test
are responses/reactions/activities made by people
behavior
behaviors that can be seen by others
overt or extrinsic
behaviors that cannot be directly seen but can be inferred
covert or intrinsic
the person is fully aware that he is doing the behavior
conscious
done by a person yet he is not fully aware that he is doing it
unconscious
which may be detected by instruments or apparatus
non-conscious
utilizes fewer neurons
simple
is done with the person’s full will
voluntary
are those actions done automatically
involuntary
is manifested through an action which is in the realm of sanity and adequate reason
rational
pertains to the actions which are done without any apparent reason or explanation
irrational
the scientific method in the study of behavior a. b. c. d. e.
a. identification of the problem
b. formulation of hypothesis
c. gathering of data
d. drawing conclusions
e. report the results
goals of psychology a. b. c. d.
a. to describe behavior
b. to explain behavior
c. to predict behavior
d. to control behavior
methods used in the study of behavior
- observation
- introspection-
self analysis
helps expose the factors that shape the nature of the individual
life history or case study
day to day recording of experiences
day book
conducted in a clinic wherein the psychologist diagnose then treat the patient
clinical method
life story of the patient
biographical method
uses questionnaires and interviews
survey or group method
highest form of scientific method in which the experimenter introduces some changes in the individual’s environment and then measure the effect of those changes on his behaviors
experimental method
uses statistics to analyze the data
statistical method
is the study of behavior in all aspects of human growth and development
developmental psychology
is concerned with the psychological aspects of teaching and of formal learning processes in school
educational psychology
deals with the investigation of different types of behavior through observation and experimentation in psychological laboratories
experimental psychology
investigates and situations in business firms and industries to improve the efficiency of the employees and workers
industrial psychology
deals with the behavior of consumers to gain more customers and impress prospective buyers
business psychology
is the study of people’s behavior in relation to their families, groups, and communities
social psychology
is applied in the scientific selection of a suitable employment or vocation, particularly aimed at helping students to choose a career or vocation wisely
vocational guidance
is the systematic practice of measures for the prevention of mental illness and preservation of mental health
mental hygiene
particularly aimed at helping people with educational, job or career, and social adjustment
counseling psychology
pertains to the diagnosis and evaluation of events in relation to the condition of a person who has emotional problems or abnormal behavior
clinical psychology
is the study of the etiology or cause of mental and personality disorder
abnormal psychology
is the application of the principles of human behavior in law or any legal proceedings
legal psychology
is the study of the functions of the different organs of the body especially the nervous system and their bearing on human behavior and mental processes
physiological psychology
organized explanation of certain phenomena believed by groups of people supporting a principle
school of psychology or school of thought
believed in the importance of the structure of the mind/when/
leader
structuralism-1875-1930
wilhelm wundt-is the first person to put up psychological laboratory in the university of Leipzig in 1879
state the importance of the function of the mind rather than the structure of the mind/when
leader
functionalism-1890
john dewey
postulated on the existence of unconscious mental processes which influenced an individual’s behavior in various indirect way/when
leader
psychoanalysis-1900
sigmund freud
argued that psychologists should use only objective methods and that their observations and measurements should be in a form which could be checked and verified by objective means/when
leader
behaviorism-1913-p
john watson
psychology should study the whole pattern of behavior or experience or the perception of organized configuration/when
leader
gestalt-to configure, to form, or pattern
1912-1940
max wetheimer
emphasized the unique qualities of humans and their potential for personal growth/when
leader
humanistic -1950-p
abraham maslow
believed that objects,movements and behaviors have a definite purpose
purposivism-1950-p
william mc dougall
focused on thought and mental procedses/when
leader
cognitive-1950-p
jean piaget
