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Sociology Paper 1 - Education > Theories > Flashcards

Theories Flashcards

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Sociology 101 flashcards
1
Q

What are the 6 theories?

A

Functionalism
Marxism
Neo marxism
Feminism
Social action
Postmodernism

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2
Q

What are the 3 Functionalist concepts?

A

Organic analogy
Value consensus and social order
The systems needs

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3
Q

Who is the theorist for the organic analogy?

A

Durkheim

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4
Q

What does the organic analogy say?

A

Many things within society work together to perform a specific function in order for it to survive

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5
Q

What is an example of the organic analogy?

A

Socialisation in the family and education acts as a bridge to show what is expected within society

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6
Q

What does the value consensus say?

A

It makes social order possible by integrating individuals into the social system which helps people conform

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7
Q

Who is the theorist for value consensus?

A

Parsons

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8
Q

Who is the theorist for the systems needs?

A

Gail

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9
Q

What are the 4 systems needs?

A

Goal attainment- encouraged to succeed
Adaptation- organising resources so people are matched to appropriate jobs
Integration- making sure people belong
Tension management- allows people to let off steam to keep them performing their roles

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10
Q

What is the key study for functionalists and what does it say?

A

Durkheims suicide study- religion, gender and area are a factor for suicide

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11
Q

What is a criticism of the functionalist theory?

A

Legitimates status quo
Fails to recognise free will and choice
Unscientific

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12
Q

Who is the key theorist for the New Right theory?

A

Murray

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13
Q

What does the New right theory say?

A

Traditional norms and values are important and concerned about non traditional norms being bad to do with gender roles, dependency culture and that education should run more like a market

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14
Q

What are the 4 marxist concepts?

A

Ideology
Marxist feminism
Neo marxism
The state, revolution and communism

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15
Q

What do marxists say about ideology?

A

The dominant group justify their position by controlling people as they own the means of production, which creates a false class consciousness

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16
Q

What do Marxist feminists say?

A

Women subordination rooted in capitalism as women are unpaid homemakers so it doesn’t cost capitalism anything
Ansley- ‘takers of shit’
Women are source of cheap labour

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17
Q

What do Neo Marxists say?

A

Proletariat develops its own counter-hegemony to win leadership but RC maintain dominance through coercion and consent

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18
Q

Who is the Neo Marxist theorist?

A

Gramsci

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19
Q

What do Marxists say bout the state, revolution and communism?

A

State protects the interests of the class owners made up of armed bodies of men but they are working towards a revolution to abolish the state

20
Q

What are the 5 different types of feminism?

A

Liberal
Radical
Marxist
Black
Difference

21
Q

What do liberal feminists say?

A

Women trying to achieve gender equality and that sex roles are due to a biological difference but gender is socially constructed and this can be through a cultural change

22
Q

What is a liberal feminist criticism?

A

Radical- over optimistic and we need a radical change within society and it isn’t as easy as they say it will be

23
Q

What is a liberal feminist solution?

A

Reformism- progress for equal rights without the need for revolution such as laws and a change in socialisation patterns

24
Q

What do radical feminists believe?

A

Society is patriarchal and all men oppress women which allows them to benefit from it, this affects power in relationships and roles within the family

25
Q

What is the radical feminist solution?

A

Separatism- living apart from men which creates female independence
Political lesbianism- ‘sleeping with the enemy’

26
Q

What is a radical feminist criticism?

A

Functionalists- institutions such as the family and religion are essential for the survival of society and benefit women not oppress them

27
Q

What is a marxist feminist solution?

A

Must overthrow the ideology of familism to end inequality

28
Q

What is a marxist feminist criticism?

A

Doesn’t explain why it is women and not men who perform it ‘sex blind’ and working class men also suffer from this exploitation not just women

29
Q

What are the 3 social action theories?

A

Symbolic interactionism
The dramaturgical analogy
Labelling

30
Q

What is a social action theory?

A

The idea that structure and meaning helps society to function and we all have free will and need to find understanding within society

31
Q

Who is the main social action theorist?

A

Weber

32
Q

Who is the theorist for symbolic interactionism?

A

Mead

33
Q

What is symbolic interactionism?

A

We have free will to respond to signs and give an appropriate response and we learn to see ourselves how other people see us

34
Q

Who is the theorist for dramaturgical analogy?

A

Goffman

35
Q

What does the dramaturgical analogy say?

A

We take on different roles which are tied to our expectations others have of us and elements of our other roles and we do this by presenting a particular image and watch other people to adjust our performances

36
Q

What is frontstage?

A

The front of house where the action takes place and where the performance is given

37
Q

What is backstage?

A

Where the action occurs related to the performance but is inconsistent with it

38
Q

What are the 4 postmodernist concepts ?

A

Uncertainty
Choice, class and identity
Globalisation
Hyper reality and simulacra

39
Q

Who is the theorist for uncertainty?

A

Lyotard

40
Q

What does the theory of uncertainty say?

A

One way of living doesn’t exist anymore and there is nothing dominant such as the family meaning that all views are equal and there is now uncertainty as there is more freedom

41
Q

What does the theory of choice, uncertainty and consumption say?

A

We are now consumers that make our own choices and have our own identities and even those marginalised have a voice

42
Q

What does the theory of globalisation say?

A

Interconnectedness of different societies around the world has increased the pick and mix identity in a postmodern society

43
Q

What are the 4 changes of globalisation?

A

Technological changes
Economic
Political
Cultural

44
Q

What is simulacra?

A

Replacing reality with signs and symbols

45
Q

What is a media saturated society?

A

The signs we consume we consume in the media appear more real than reality itself and substitute themselves for reality- creates a ‘hyper reality’

46
Q

What is an example of a media saturated society?

A

Buying the nike brand because of the image of ‘Air Jordan’ even if they are more expensive than ones that have the same function

47
Q

What are criticisms of postmodernism?

A

Social structures are still very important within society and shape who we are such as Marxists and functionalists

Sociology Paper 1 - Education (6 decks)

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