theories

Question 1

Marxist and functionalist similarities

Answer 1

both say w/c cant afford stuff
- func - choice - if they work hard enough its based on merit - harder for w/c though
- Marxist - oppressed through structures don’t have a choice only wither to regret capitalism

Question 2

marx + func similarities

Answer 2

both say media contributes to spreading values
func - consensus values
marxist - dominant ideology

Question 3

marxist and functionalist differences

Answer 3

marxist - cant afford stuff - ideological dominance influencing you into wanting it cant succeed - economical pressures
func- strain theory - choice to work - value consensus goals

Question 4

marxist and func differ

Answer 4

marixst spread ideological bourgeois values
func - consensus values

Question 5

positivist like what experimental techniques

Answer 5

> pre coded questionnaires - macro
secondary data - official statistics, documents
structured interviews _ quantitative data

Question 6

interpretivist (interactionalist) like what experimental techniques

Answer 6

> unstructured interviews
open ended questionnaires
primary data - covert observation, ethnographies
longitudinal studies

Question 7

structuralist theories like

Answer 7

overt non participant

Question 8

anti structuralist like

Answer 8

covert non- participant

Question 9

primary data adv

Question 10

primary data disadv

Question 11

secondary data adv

Question 12

secondary data disadv

Question 13

Durkheim- natural experiment

Answer 13

statistics of suicides in Europe - suicide rates vary systematically with other social event

Question 14

Rosenthal and Jacobson - field experiment

Answer 14

Californian primary school specific pupils where told to teachers would ‘spurt’ and high IQ’s and did

Question 15

Elton may- field/lab

Answer 15

Hawthorne effect

Question 16

Harvey and slatin - lab experiment

Answer 16

teachers expectations of students - whether teachers held fixed ideas about pupils of different social classes
m/cstudents were favoured

Question 17

labelling theories

Answer 17

Harvey and slatin interview
Charkins et al
durkheim

Question 18

official statics

Answer 18

> exam results - w/c underachievement

> crime - knife crime in w/c areas

> census - how many people living in one house - w/c underachievement

Question 19

demack, sean, drew

Answer 19

GCSE exam results analysis 65,000 - large sample

Question 20

documents public

Answer 20

Ofsted report - school policies

Question 21

unstructured interview adv

Answer 21

> builds rapport comfortable - able to expand on topic giving more qualitative date

> able to ask follow up questions - valid - interpretivists - interactionist would like this

Question 22

unstructured interview disadv

Answer 22

> hard to quantify and find trends - risk to being subjective

> not reliable - cant be repeated - making it only relevant to that group - not representative can’t be generalise

Question 23

Sharpe - unstructured interviews

Answer 23

girls attitudes to education/ work to find whether they had high aspirations

Question 24

hart and Risley - structured interview

Answer 24

childern from different social classes find out how many words they knew by three

Question 25

willis lads - unstructured interview

Answer 25

w/c ‘LADS’ anti-school subculture talk freely in their own words about their views on school teachers and work

Question 26

sullivan- structured interview

Answer 26

tv shows different groups of students watch correlation to achievement in school

Question 27

jolly Amish study - unstructured interview

Answer 27

power relationships between men and how sex and sexuality is seen in the community - undercover midwife

Question 28

Oakley - unstructured interview

Answer 28

experiment of becoming a mother with newly mothers

Question 29

Bowles and Gintis - questionnaires

Answer 29

measured students personality traits comparing students school grades found concentration between traits and middle class

Question 30

Ireson and Hallam- questionnaire

Answer 30

impact of sets in schools they asked over 6,000 students and their experience of being in the set and lower sets are less postive about school

Question 31

lacey - questionnaire

Answer 31

follow up questions to question the anti and pro school subcultures

Question 32

wilkinson

Answer 32

genderquake how peoples views and expectation of girls have changed over the years

Question 33

pre-coded questionnaires adv

Answer 33

> quantitative date - finds trends - macro - marxist like

> reliable - repeatable - generalisable

Question 34

pre coded questionnaires disadv

Answer 34

> no verstehen - not good when studying subcultures - willis lads

> not qualitative date - doesn’t give an in-depth- unable to expand on their answer could lead to misinterpretation

Question 35

covert participant observation adv

Answer 35

> gains vestehen in depth - qualitative data - interactionist +

> no hawthorne effect unaware they’re being observed - natural behaviour - valid data

Question 36

covert observation disadv

Answer 36

> unethical - did’nt give consent to being observed

> not representative can only be generalised to small samples as can’t exactly replicated - not macro - postivists

Question 37

wright
2*

Answer 37

non participant + overt

race relation in primary school, conflict with teachers and pupils based on race -inner city

Question 38

patrick - g
2*

Answer 38

covert participant
knew a member - Glasgow gangs- studied how the gangs deviant behaviour became law breaking - power structures

Question 39

griffin black like me

Answer 39

cover participant observation
dakened the colour of his skin to look black to experience racism in American 1960s
(looking for jobs)

Question 40

punch

Answer 40

covert non participant
Amsterdam police tried to be accepted, ver identified e.g searching houses and people
(went native)

Question 41

overt non-participant adv

Question 42

overt non-participant disadv

Question 43

gerwitz

Question 44

ethnographies adv

Answer 44

> high validity

> verstehen as builds rapport

Question 45

ethnographies disadv

Answer 45

> unable to identify patterns - macro positivists not like

> not reliable cant be repeated only be applied to that situation

Question 46

longitudinal studies adv

Answer 46

> insight into unique situation that may not be able to be studied in other ways

> gives valid data quantitative able to find trends micro scale - interactionalist

Question 47

longitudinal studies disadv

Answer 47

> micro not macro - positivist dont like
participant tend to drop out over time - less representative harder to generalise

Question 48

malinowski - incest study

Answer 48

incest happened but was not a problem until action of incest was labelled and publicised by island elders consquences the youth committed suicide due to the labels