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IAAP Certified Professional in Accessibility Core Competencies > Theoretical Models of Disability > Flashcards

Theoretical Models of Disability Flashcards

1
Q

Which model identifies functional impairments/limitations in society that are a result of disability?

A

Functional Solutions

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2
Q

In which model do people without disabilities take pity on those with disabilities and try to “improve” their lives via fundraisers, projects, assistance, etc.?

A

Charity

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3
Q

Why are theoretical models of disability important?

A

They perspectives and frameworks through which to understand disabilities

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4
Q

Most products and services in this approach address issues at the level of the individual

A

Functional Solutions

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5
Q

Which model prioritizes applying inventiveness and entrepreneurship to overcome the limits of disability?

A

Functional Solutions

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6
Q

Which models most closely align with the principles of accessibility and universal design?

A

Medical, Social, and Functional Solutions

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7
Q

Business that create and sell accessibility solutions often take a “________” approach

A

Functional Solutions

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8
Q

Which model views disability as a problem caused by a person’s biology rather than the social environment?

A

Medical

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9
Q

Which model is the basis for the International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health (ICF)?

A

Biopyschosocial

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10
Q

Which model is a direct response to the medical model of disability?

A

Social

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11
Q

What is a strength of the CHARITY model?

A

Can create a sense of empathy in those without disabilities and inspire them to contribute their time and/or resources to provide genuine assistance

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12
Q

What are strengths of the MEDICAL model of disability?

A
  1. Addresses biological sources of disabilities and seeks cure or management
  2. Helps medical professionals make treatment decisions
  3. Clearly defined criteria for who receives government assistance
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13
Q

A student group that consults with disabled members before organizing an event in order to make sure the venue is accessible is an example of WHICH theoretical model of disability?

A

Social model

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14
Q

How does the BIOPSYCHOSOCIAL model view disability?

A

Incorporates aspects of both medical and social models, recognizing that neither alone fully encompasses the notion of disability

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15
Q

What are weaknesses of the MEDICAL model?

A
  1. Focuses on biology of the person instead of the design of the social environment
  2. Assigns disability as a personal characteristic, causing stigma
  3. People who do not fit within narrow definitions of disability may be denied benefits
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16
Q

A wheelchair-using student is unable to get into a building because there are only steps and no ramp. Which model would view the student/wheelchair as the problem rather than the steps?

A

Medical model

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17
Q

Which model prioritizes designing with accessibility in mind?

A

Social

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18
Q

A strength of the functional solutions model is:

A. It recognizes the biological limitations of individuals with disabilities and seeks to treat those limitations.

B. It acknowledges that society that can be more welcoming and inclusive.

C. It brings together people with disabilities who share common life experiences.

D. It looks for realistic, beneficial solutions through creativity and innovation.

A

D. It looks for realistic, beneficial solutions through creativity and innovation.

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19
Q

What are the prominent theoretical models of disability?

A
  • Medical
  • Social
  • Biopsychosocial
  • Economic
  • Functional Solutions
  • Social Identity/Cultural Affiliation
  • Charity
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20
Q

How does the SOCIAL IDENTITY/CULTURAL AFFILIATION model define disability?

A. As a biological impairment caused by a medically-diagnosed genetic disorder, disease, trauma, or other health condition.

B. The approach of disabilities by developing a sense of personal identity through consorting with others who share similar life experiences based on their disability.

C. A practical approach to disability by identifying the functional impairments or limitations that are a result of a disability and seek solutions

D. Approaching disability as a result of society creating disabling conditions rather than place the definition of “disability” solely on the person.

E. Defining disability by a person’s inability to participate in work.

A

B. The approach of disabilities by developing a sense of personal identity through consorting with others who share similar life experiences based on their disability.

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21
Q

Which model emphasizes the human rights of people with disabilities to be able to meaningfully participate in society?

A

Social

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22
Q

A course leader meeting with a visually impaired student before the beginning of a course to find out how hand-outs can be adapted so that the student can read them is an example of WHICH theoretical model of disability?

A

Social model

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23
Q

How does the FUNCTIONAL SOLUTIONS model view disability?

A. As a biological impairment caused by a medically-diagnosed genetic disorder, disease, trauma, or other health condition.

B. The approach of disabilities by developing a sense of personal identity through consorting with others who share similar life experiences based on their disability.

C. Takes a practical approach to disability by identifying the functional impairments or limitations that are a result of a disability and seek solutions

D. Approaches disability as a result of society creating disabling conditions rather than place the definition of “disability” solely on the person.

E. Defining disability by a person’s inability to participate in work.

A

C. Takes a practical approach to disability by identifying the functional impairments or limitations that are a result of a disability and seek solutions

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24
Q

What are strengths of the SOCIAL model?

A
  1. Points out that barriers and challenges encountered by people with disabilities are not inevitable/a characteristic of the person’s “broken” body
  2. Empowers designers to think about usability for all kinds of people
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25
Q

Which model views people with disabilities as inspirational for doing the same day-to-day things as people without disabilities?

A

Charity

26
Q

Which of the following is true about the MEDICAL model of disability?

A. The medical model of disability looks to eliminate barriers and limitations through innovative solutions.

B. The medical model of disability views people with disabilities as victims of their conditions and pities them.

C. The medical model of disability focuses solely on the biological aspects of disability.

D. The medical model of disability takes into account the impact of a person’s physical environment.

A

C. The medical model of disability focuses solely on the biological aspects of disability.

27
Q

Which model acknowledges that a disability is a biological condition that places an individual at a disadvantage?

A

Medical

28
Q

What are weaknesses of the FUNCTIONAL SOLUTIONS model?

A
  1. Profit-driven entrepreneurs sometimes miss the mark and create solutions that are not practical or useful to the target population, or may be too expensive
  2. De-emphasis on socioeconomic circumstances in the environment can cause innovators to ignore important aspects of the problem
29
Q

Which theoretical model has become a rallying cry for social justice activists?

A

Social model

30
Q

Which model answers the criticism that the SOCIAL model de-emphasizes and minimizes the physical and personal realities of a disability?

A

Social Identity model

31
Q

What aspects of disability does the BIOPSYCHOSOCIAL model include?

A

Biological, individual, and social

32
Q

Which model states that disabling environments are the problem?

A

Social

33
Q

Which model recognizes that disabilities impact people’s ability to work + the implications of that issue?

A

Economic

34
Q

What are weaknesses of the SOCIAL model?

A

Can downplay the biological/physical aspects of disability too much

35
Q

How does the SOCIAL model view disability?

A. As a biological impairment caused by a medically-diagnosed genetic disorder, disease, trauma, or other health condition.

B. The approach of disabilities by developing a sense of personal identity through consorting with others who share similar life experiences based on their disability.

C. A practical approach to disability by identifying the functional impairments or limitations that are a result of a disability and seek solutions

D. Approaches disability as a result of society creating disabling conditions rather than place the definition of “disability” solely on the person.

E. Defining disability by a person’s inability to participate in work.

A

D. Approaches disability as a result of society creating disabling conditions rather than place the definition of “disability” solely on the person.

36
Q

What is a weakness of the CHARITY model?

A
  1. Can be condescending toward people with disabilities, who may come to resent being an object of pity
  2. Focuses on short-term, immediate needs rather than more comprehensive and effective long-term solutions
37
Q

How does the MEDICAL model define disability?

A. As a biological impairment caused by a medically-diagnosed genetic disorder, disease, trauma, or other health condition.

B. The approach of disabilities by developing a sense of personal identity through consorting with others who share similar life experiences based on their disability.

C. A practical approach to disability by identifying the functional impairments or limitations that are a result of a disability and seek solutions

D. Approaching disability as a result of society creating disabling conditions rather than place the definition of “disability” solely on the person.

E. Defining disability by a person’s inability to participate in work.

A

A. As a biological impairment caused by a medically-diagnosed genetic disorder, disease, trauma, or other health condition.

38
Q

Among which disabled group is the SOCIAL IDENTITY/CULTURAL AFFILIATION model most evident?

A

People who are deaf/Deaf culture

39
Q

A staff member who makes PowerPoint presentations available on Blackboard to all members of the group, allowing dyslexic students to look up unfamiliar terminology before the lecture is an example of WHICH theoretical model of disability?

A

Social model

40
Q

What are strengths of the ECONOMIC model?

A

Recognizes the affect of body limitations on a person’s ability to work and therefore need for accommodations

41
Q

Which model seeks out solutions for eradicating limitations through advancements in technology or methodology?

A

Functional Solutions

42
Q

What are weaknesses of the SOCIAL IDENTITY/CULTURAL AFFILIATION model?

A
  1. Is not always a useful basis for technical definitions of disability because people with different types of disabilities may consider themselves part of the same social group
  2. Strongly identifying with other people with disabilities can result in feeling excluded from the rest of society
43
Q

Which model provides meaningful context for accessibility professionals?

A

Social

44
Q

A weakness of the social identity/cultural affiliation of disability model is:

A. It could be patronizing towards people with disabilities.

B. It may be a result of people with disabilities feeling excluded from society.

C. It places less emphasis on the physical aspects of disability.

D. It places too much emphasis on finding a cure for disabilities.

A

B. It may be a result of people with disabilities feeling excluded from society.

45
Q

Which model is the FUNCTIONAL SOLUTIONS model related to?

A

Social

46
Q

What are strengths of the FUNCTIONAL SOLUTIONS model?

A
  1. Focuses on results that benefit people with disabilities
  2. Seeks to provide solutions to real-world challenges while sidestepping sociopolitical implications of disability within society
  3. Emphasizes building accessible environments
47
Q

What are strengths of the SOCIAL IDENTITY/CULTURAL AFFILIATION model?

A
  1. Fully accepting one’s disability provides emotional and psychological well-being
  2. People with disabilities can gain political strength by forming alliances and advocacy networks
48
Q

Which model expects that society will create inclusive environments, rather than people with disabilities accepting a lower quality of life?

A

Social

49
Q

How does the ECONOMIC model define disability?

A. As a biological impairment caused by a medically-diagnosed genetic disorder, disease, trauma, or other health condition.

B. The approach of disabilities by developing a sense of personal identity through consorting with others who share similar life experiences based on their disability.

C. A practical approach to disability by identifying the functional impairments or limitations that are a result of a disability and seek solutions

D. Approaching disability as a result of society creating disabling conditions rather than place the definition of “disability” solely on the person.

E. Defining disability by a person’s inability to participate in work.

A

E. Defining disability by a person’s inability to participate in work.

50
Q

What are weaknesses of the ECONOMIC model?

A
  1. Stigmatizes people who are legally defined as needing assistance, viewed as “needy” members of society
  2. If a person does not meet legal threshold for disability, they may not receive the support they need
51
Q

What do people with disabilities find offensive about the CHARITY approach?

A

The attitude and assumptions that people with disabilities are “unfortunate” and need help

52
Q

Which models of disability are frequently criticized/found offensive by disability advocates?

A

Medical, Charity/Tragedy

53
Q

Which model assigns disability as a personal characteristic, defining the disabled individual?

A

Medical

54
Q

Which model can help define whether a student is eligible for disability accommodations at school?

A

Medical

55
Q

Which model incorporates both the MEDICAL and SOCIAL models of disability?

A

Biopsychosocial

56
Q

Which model helps define who should receive government assistance?

A

Medical

57
Q

Which model of disability argues that disability is more of a result of inaccessible environments?

A. Social model

B. Functional Solutions model

C. Social Identity model

D. Charity/Tragedy model

A

A. Social model

58
Q

Which model considers the impact of disability on funding of state programs?

A

Economic

59
Q

The legal definition of disabilities often relies on…

A

The assumptions of the medical model

60
Q

How does the CHARITY model view people with disability?

A

As unfortunate or tragic and in need of assistance from the outside

IAAP Certified Professional in Accessibility Core Competencies (8 decks)

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