Theoretical Foundations Flashcards
Helps explain an event by:
- Defining idea or concepts
- Explaining relationship among the concepts
- Predicting outcome
Theory
Nursing Theory
Conceptualization of some aspect of Nursing:
- Describe
- Explain
- Predicts and/or
- Prescribes nursing care
Components of Theory
- Phenomenon
- Concepts
- Definitions
- Assumptions
NEEDS THEORY
- Assist the patient with activities until they recover or die
- 14 basic needs
Virginia Henderson (1897-1996)
SELF-CARE THEORY
- The nurses prescribes & regulates the nursing system based on the patients’ self-care deficit
- 3 inter-related theories:
1. Theory of self-care
2. Theory of self-care deficit
3. Theory of self-care capacities
Dorothea Orem (1914-2007)
ROY’S ADAPTATION MODEL
- Nursing as a “humanistic discipline that emphasizes the person’s adaptive or coping abilities”
- The nurse assesses the patients’ adaptation behaviors & then uses the nursing process to develop diagnoses, goals, interventions, & evaluates the pts’ progress
Sister Callista Roy (1939-)
WELLNESS MODEL BASED ON GENERAL SYSTEMS THEORY (Health as expanding consciousness)
- Focus is the client system in relationship to stressors
- Nursing care focus on reducing stress factors & adverse conditions that increase the risk OR optimum pt function
Margaret Newman (1933-)
TRANSCULTURAL NURSING
- Viewed cultural differences & health care practices
- Based on culturally congruent care
Madeline Leininger (1925-2012)
THEORY OF INTERPERSONAL RELATIONS
- Focuses on the effective interaction b/w the pt and the nurse
- Nurse-pt relationship. 2 goals:
1. Survival of pt
2. Pt’s understanding of health problems and develop new behavior patterns
Hildegard Peplau (1909-1999)
THEORY OF INTERPERSONAL RELATIONSHIP cont…
4 phases:
Develop therapeutic relationships that are…
POWR
- Pre-orientation
- Orientation
- Working phase
- Resolution
REN
- Respectful
- Empathetic
- Non-judgemental
THEORY OF CARING
- Goal of nursing is to help people attain a higher level of harmony within the mind-body-spirit
- 10 carative factors
- Holistic outlook addresses the impact and importance of altruism, sensitivity, trust, and interpersonal skills
Jean Watson (1940-)
Touch
- Provides comfort
- Creates a connection
- Noncontact Touch
- Contact Touch
Types of Contact touch
- Task-oriented touch
- Caring touch
- Protective touch
Essentials 1-9
- Expected outcomes of graduates of baccalaureate nursing programs
- Provides nursing programs w/ examples of educational approaches
Essentials of Baccalaureate Education (AACN)
-created in 2008 by American Association of Colleges of Nursing
Involves identification of practice issues; appraisal and integration of evidence; evaluation of outcomes
- Monitor pt outcomes & identify practice issues
- share evidence of best practices w/ a Interprofessional team
- Advocate protection of human subjects in research
- Evaluates credibility of info sources
Essential III: Scholarship of Evidence-Based Practice
Professional values are the foundation for practices of nursing
- Responsibility for individual actions and behaviors - including civility
- Altruism, Autonomy, Human dignity, Integrity
- Demonstrates the professional standards of moral, ethical, and legal conduct
Essential VIII: Professionalism and Professional Values
“Contributes to plan of care”
- Performed focuses assessments
- 12 months of education
Vocational Nursing Education
“Direct nursing care to or coordinate care for a limited number of pts in various health care settings”
-Comprehensive nursing care to pts and their families
Comprehensive assessments to identify health needs and monitor changes
Diploma and Associate Degree Nursing Education
Diploma - Hospital based education that is 2-3 yrs long
Associate Degree - 2 yrs of education w/ a balance of liberal arts and nursing
“Provide direct care for pts, families, populations, & communities experiencing complex and unpredictable health care needs in structured and unstructured settings”
- Comprehensive nursing care to pts, families, populations, and communities
- Perform comprehensive assessments and monitor changes to include factors impacting health status
Baccalaureate Nursing Education
120 semester hours - 60 from liberal arts and 60-70 hrs from nursing courses
Roles of Generalist nurse:
- Providers of direct and indirect care
- Provides evidence based care
- Prepared for ethical dilemmas
- Practices from a holistic, caring framework
Roles of Generalist nurse cont..
- Recognizes the diff. b/w disease and the individual’s illness experience
- Provides care in and across all environments
- Focuses on individual, family, community, and population
- Are designers, coordinators, and managers of care
“Caring is a concept central to professional nursing practice. Caring is related to this Essential encompasses the nurse’s empathy for, connection to, and being w/ the patient, as well as the ability to translate these affective characteristics into compassionate, sensitive, and pt-centered care
BSN Essential VIII Definition of Caring
Caring: Providing Presence
- Being with
- Eye Contact
- Body lang
- Tone of voice
- Listening
- Positive and Encouraging attitude
Established and approved these competencies to help promote clarity and consistency b/w and among programs
Purpose of DECs
4 Nursing roles in the DEC
- Members of the Profession
- Provider fo Pt-Centered Care
- Pt Safety Advocate
- Member of the Health Care Team
