Theoretical Explanations Of The Media

Question 1

Milliband

Answer 1

Ruling class use media to control society by creating false picture of reality pressing capitalism as positive
media = new opium of the people
media replaced religion and takes away proletariat’s attention away from exploitation and oppression of capitalist system + allows ruling class ro control and dominate them
Media example: TikTok encourages to mindlessly scroll

Question 2

Bagdikian

Answer 2

1983 = 50 corporations controlled vast majority of all news media in the US
by 2004 media ownership = concentrated in 7 corporations
Media example: Ruport Murdoch monopoly - owns the majority of all media outlets so chances are they will be biassed.

Question 3

Curran

Answer 3

manipulating media content
more conservative supporting newspapers = reflects them serving the interests of their wealthy owners
Rupert Murdoch
Media example: Ruport Murdoch monopoly - owns the majority of all media outlets so chances are they will be biassed

Question 4

Gilroy

Answer 4

Black crime (70s) = form of political resistance against repressive, racist state
deny greater criminality with black people than white
media created a folk devil surrounding black people generating deviancy amplification
supported by Hall
Media example: News reports on black crime in the 70s for example headlines about Notting Hill carnival - emphasis on crime from black individuals

Question 5

Hall

Answer 5

3 key stereotypes 1. Natives
2. entertainers 3. slaves
subject to ridicule = unconscious racism
black + Asian = source of social problems ( labelled as troublemakers in news coverage of riots)
Media example: BLACK INDIVIDUALS:
TopBoy, Power WORKING CLASS: Headlines about teacher / workers/ rail workers strikes for example Daily Express, Give up your power play headline.

Question 6

The Glasgow Media Group

Answer 6

1. Threatening numbers
   exaggerating numbers of people immigrating to Uk
2. Presentedaneed for immigration control
3. Benefitsof
   immigration limited in media coverage

Question 7

Whale

Answer 7

What we see in press/news is determined by its readers + audiences
Media example: Hillsborough Disaster - fatal human crash (97 deaths) SUN blamed Liverpool fans = Liverpool fans boycott SUN

Question 8

Williams

Answer 8

Journalism vital in democratic society - provide info required to participate in political and cultural life
free press =vital so democracy can work = censorship can lead to biased, uncritical view of politicians and policies ( direct criticism of current)
Media example: Matt Hancock affair scandal + Downing Street party
Negative reportings of conservative party in the press - i.e. The Daily Express Newspaper - Downing street parties / Matt Hancock’s affair

Question 9

Fourth estate of Democracy

Answer 9

Media provides access to info = seen as essential part of democracy
Media example:
Social media such as tt/ig teaches viewers about fashion/language
BBC news teaches audiences about economy, business market, housing market

Question 10

Mulvey

Answer 10

‘Male gaze’
characterise cinema as instrument of male spectatorship ( conducted semiology - high validity)
film reinforces patriarchal culture
Vertigo = projection of someone’s desires, objectifies (ultimate male gaze film)
Media example: Transformers = all women sexualised = camera angles shot for sexual gratification

Question 11

Whelehan

Answer 11

Magazines override the message of feminism - promote laddish culture = women objectified and change in gender roles dismissed as ironic joke
Media example: FHM, MAXIM and loaded

Question 12

McRobbie

Answer 12

Magazines have an impact on identity of readers sources of western enlightened values is present throughout
western version of feminist promoted as ideal
magazines focus on fashion, lifestyle, love, beauty = hegemonic feminity

Question 13

McLuhan

Answer 13

Global village
predicted a new pattern of communication and social interaction
globalisation = direct impact on media representations
hybrid ethnic identities have emerged due to presentations of range of cultural practices and lifestyles

Question 14

Baudrillard

Answer 14

Media saturation has altered reality = negative impact on society
media saturation = difficult for people to distinguish what is reality and what is fiction

Question 15

Strinati

Answer 15

Media play significant role whilst people are constructing their identities
Diversity offered by the media are no traditional representations of social groups = erosion of identity
identity no inter constrained