Representations Of Social Groups

Question 1

(Nationality)

Mulhern

Answer 1

Critical about media representation of Irish 2 ways :
● Homesick, drinking, listen to bad ballads in North London
● Too successful to be homesick, making megabucks in the city
E.g Mrs Brown Boys -
Thick accent
Large consumption of alcohol Not knowledgeable

Question 2

(Nationality)

Vir, Hall and Foye

Answer 2

Highlands - feel underrepresented in media Bias excluding smaller areas
Scotland left out (sports)
E.g Rab C Nesbitt
Thick accent = not understandable Rude to each other
Easily irritable
Binge drinking

Question 3

(Nationality)

Graham

Answer 3

Media can force other nationals into TV programmes ‘tokenism’
E.g Gavin and Stacy
Bluntly honest
Loud
Engage in drinking Rough
Thick

Question 4

(Nationality)

Vir, Hall and Foye

Answer 4

In Wales, perception that reality TV can be exploitative
E.g The Valleys
Drugs,sex,alcohol
Reckless Party animal

Question 5

Van Dijk

Answer 5

Many groups presented in a stereotyped way Ethnic groups :
Criminals - top boy
Abnormal - forced marriage cops
Threat - ‘immigrants take all new jobs in Brit’ Dependent - comic relief
Unimportant - forgotten victims of ISIS

Question 6

Barker

Answer 6

Heavily criticised Eastenders for stereotyping of ethnic minority groups
E.g
Black - violent, gang culture
Asian doctors
White British = dominate + main characters

Question 7

Hall

Answer 7

Black people portrayed in 3 ways: Slaves
Entertainers
Nativ

Question 8

Malik

Answer 8

Reality shows = increasingly more inclusive of ethnic minorities
E.g Britain’s Got Talent - don’t caste based on ethnicity rather on their talents Shift on how they’re depicted in diff forms of media
E.g social media (TikTok) - content controlled by themselves

Question 9

Nayak

Answer 9

White wannabes are white people who adopt black culture
example Eminem

Question 10

Gill

Answer 10

Blasian Asians, that adopt black culture, example, Jay Sean done, so well in American music industry as music style

Question 11

Tunstall

Answer 11

media representation, emphasises women’s domestic sexual consumer and marital activities. Media ignores the fact that British women go to work example, female character on wolf Wall Street doesn’t contribute to the plot of movies it is an accessory

Question 12

Tuchman

Answer 12

argued that narrow range of women lead to their symbolic in the media example, Harley, Quinn suicide squad who relied on the Joker to save

Question 13

Glascock

Answer 13

males, physically, aggressive and women, more verbally aggressive. These differences found behind camera where males predominate example, tearing each other down by

Question 14

Katz

Answer 14

argued that epidemic of male violence, rooted in media, inability to move away from stereotypical versions of what is meant to be. A man argues that young men and boys receive constant messages, subliminal and conscience from sources of media, such as TV that reinforce hegemonic, masculine identities of violent sexism, and homophobic ways of thinking example, call of duty, modern welfare, commits act of violence

Question 15

Gauntlett

Answer 15

argues that despite culture femininity media landscape, there are many magazines owned at male audiences called that continue to sexually objectify women and images of traditionally masculine men. These magazines represent retributive masculinity, example, and

Question 16

Westwood

Answer 16

argued that representations of Jen to have changed and refers to transgressive female roles in British television example, Jodie Whittaker role as female doctor, Doctor Who

Question 17

Gauntlett

Answer 17

Media provides alternative gender images and ideas where are producing a greater diversity of choice for people when constructing their gender identities found that younger audiences are more open to female, as well as male leading films. Female lead roles often has more important plays on appearance male roles often heroes have become more sensitive and caring, whereas females more tougher examples, Spider-Man three

Question 18

Gill

Answer 18

call that there has been a significant shift in advertising representations of women in recent years
Rather than being presented as passive object of the male gaze, young women in advert are now depicted as active, independent and sexually powerful
Found three ways femininity is presented
Heterosexually desired midriff

Question 19

Easthorpe

Answer 19

1980 saw emergence of new breed of glossy magazines aimed at middle-class, young men, content of magazines suggested men are emotionally vulnerable should be more in touch with emotions and feminine inside. Should treat women as equal should care more about their experience. Active fatherhood is experience were having example Maxim magazine magazine

Question 20

Nixon

Answer 20

new man, acceptable for men to care about their appearance, example, Levi’s advert men sexualised in order to promote products

Question 21

Whannel

Answer 21

Presentation of David Beckham is contradictory and fluid traditional real men that have good looks football skills and competitive metrosexual have emotional commitment to family spending time and effort money on image example, David Beckham

Question 22

Nairn

Answer 22

after World War II. The monarchy developed close ties with media industry and worked with them to renovate themselves as the royal family represented in the media as family that are like us, but not like us narrative of their lives presented as soap opera
Example Prince, Harry’s nine word outburst after Prince William claimed he didn’t want to be king

Question 23

Leech

Answer 23

Middle-class lifestyles presented as the ideal lifestyle in media advertising. Breakfast cereal, packet, family, e.g. Friday night dinners, nuclear family, organising dinner party conspicuous consumption.

Question 24

Dodd and Dodd

Answer 24

Suggest that EastEnders present nostalgic view of traditional notion of working class communities and does not accurately reflect the modern day working class culture. Example, EastEnders community. They are annoyed at ignorance of middle class

Question 25

Jones

Answer 25

Book chaps, the demonisation of the working class became a weight of condemning, the working class, culture people. Negative view of working class, people as bigoted, slothful and aggressive, historically known as salt to the Earth to scum of the Earth chavtainment want him, little Britain sitcom wear mock and inmates chav example

Question 26

Baumberg et al

Answer 26

29% of new stories, referred fraud, government, estimated only 0.7% of all benefits claims as fraudulent
Language used to describe benefits as undeserving fraud and dishonesty, dependency non-rapacity, lack of effort outside of status
For example, 75% of incapability claimants are fit to work by daily mail news

Question 27

Price

Answer 27

Poverty, porn to describe programs, such as Channel 4 benefits history refers to media, exploiting participants and their lifestyle to shock and entertain audience
Benefit Street encourages on the class to be condemned by hard-working, middle and upper class. Example benefit Street

Question 28

Golding and Middleton

Answer 28

Welfare issues were not discussed, unless they were connected to other social issues, such as crime, food or sex. Demonisation of the underclass led to

Question 29

Reiner

Answer 29

Recent media representations of wealthy people being used for examples of hard work, success
People having huge amounts of wealth, their success is celebrated by the media

Question 30

Devereux

Answer 30

Recent times more positive and realistic portrayals of the working class. The Royale family shows working classes, happy and close with each other having a good relationship in a close knitted community.

Question 31

Price

Answer 31

Benefit Street does have narratives presenting characters as decent and compassionate people, captured by an unfair society

Question 32

Heintz- Knowles

Answer 32

Media portrays children stereotypically based on adult perspectives on children
1. Children are most motivated by peer relationships and romance and least by school and religious issues
2. Characters engage in antisocial behaviours which result in positive outcomes
3. Children from minority ethnic groups are underrepresented Eg. Horrid Henry- antisocial behaviour with little to no consequences, Icarly-predominantly white characters and motivated by peers and romance

Question 33

Wayne

Answer 33

Found of 286 stories in which young people are the subject, 28% focused in young celebs such as footballers
82% of the stories focused on young people as perpetrators or victims of crime
Violent crime made up 90%
Ignores stories about how young people are affected problems in housing, education, health, unemployment, parental abuse and politics

Question 34

Kelly

Answer 34

Research on the language used by journalists to describe young people who come into contact with the law and found there are 3 major types of representation:
1. Youths are dangerous
2. Youths are in need of protection 3. Youths are immature

Question 35

Landis

Answer 35

Identified a number of stereotypes in representations of older people
Depicted as one dimensional- grumpy old man, mentally deficient, sickly old person, having wisdom
Eg. Dumbledore from Harry Potter- wise, Grandpa Abe from simpsons-mentally deficient

Question 36

Milner et al

Answer 36

Media do not portray a balanced view of aging
For this, need to present challenges of getting older alongside positive opportunities such as active aging (Clarke and warren)

Question 37

Cuddy and Fiske

Answer 37

US TV programmes portrayed just 1.5% of their characters as elderly
Played minor roles and used as form of comedy s
Depicted their mental, physical and sexual capacities as ineffective Eg. Grandpa Abe from Simpsons- comedic character

Question 38

Osgerby

Answer 38

Recurring theme of youth as trouble
Changes in media representations of youth reflect wider cultural developments and mirror the spirit of the times Eg. greta Thunberg- climate change activist

Question 39

Postman

Answer 39

Idea of childhood begun to disappear as children interact more and more with media
Children sexualised in media Dane creates a world in which adults and children share the same music, sports, language, literature and films
Lack of difference between children and adult through clothing Internet contributes to this as it leads to children and youths being exposed to adult content
Eg. twitter

Question 40

Lee et al

Answer 40

Conducted study of adverts and found that old people were underrepresented
Only appeared in 15% of advertisements but more than 90% of this were positive
Portrayed as golden agers
Men- much more visible in media and associated with high status and work
Women- associated with family and poverty

Question 41

Biggs

Answer 41

Evidence of change in representation of old age in media 1. Larger number of older people appearing in soap operas 2. Representation of old people as more active
Eg. Eastenders; Dot, Elaine and Kathy, Benecol advert

Question 42

Carrigan and Szmigin

Answer 42

Advertisers targeting older people
Grey pound
Increase in positive images of aging and positive roles for older people
Eg. Benecol advert