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PMHNP ANCC > Theoretical Basis of Care > Flashcards

Theoretical Basis of Care Flashcards

1
Q

Erik Erikson: Trust Vs. Mistrust

A

-Infancy (birth - 1 year)
-Ability to form meaningful relationships, hope about the future, trust in others

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2
Q

Erik Erikson: Autonomy vs. Shame and Doubt

A

-Early childhood (1-3 years)
-Self-control, self-esteem, willpower

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3
Q

Erik Erikson: Initiative vs. Guilt

A

-Late childhood (3-6 years)
-Self-directed behavior, goal formation, sense of purpose

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4
Q

Erik Erikson: Industry vs. Inferiority

A

-School-age (6-12 years)
-Ability to work, sense of competency and achievement

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5
Q

Erik Erikson: Identity vs. Role Confusion

A

-Adolescence (12-10 years)
-Personal sense of identity

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6
Q

Erik Erikson: Intimacy vs. Isolation

A

-Early adulthood (20-25 years):
-Committed relationships, capacity to love

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7
Q

Erik Erikson: Generativity vs. Self-Absorption or Stagnation

A

-Middle adulthood (35-65 years)
-Ability to give time and talents to others, ability to care for others

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8
Q

Erik Erikson: Integrity vs. Despair

A

-Late adulthood (>65):
-Fulfillment and comfort with life, willingness to face death, insight and balanced perspectives on life’s events

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9
Q

Psychodynamic (Psychoanalytic) Theory

A

-Sigmund Freud
-Focus on concepts of intrapsychic conflict among the structures of the mind
-Assumes that all behavior is purposeful and meaningful
-Instincts, urges, or fantasies function as drives that motivate thoughts, feelings, and behaviors

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10
Q

Principle of Psychic Determinism

A

Even apparently meaningless, random, or accidental behavior is actually motivated by underlying unconscious mental content

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11
Q

ID

A

-Contains primary dives or instincts, urges, or fantasies; drives are largely unconscious, sexual, or aggressive in content
-Pleasure principle - seeks immediate satisfaction
-“I want”

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12
Q

Ego

A

-External reality
-Rational mind
-Adaptation
-“I think, I evaluate”

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13
Q

Super Ego

A

-Ego-ideal
-Sense of conscious
-Aspirations, ideals, morals
-“I should or ought”

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14
Q

Cognitive Theory

A

-Jean Piaget
-Human development evolves through cognition, learning, and comprehending

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15
Q

Cognitive Theory: Sensorimotor

A

-Birth - 2 years
-Object permanence
-Ability to understand that objects have an existence independent of the child’s involvement with them

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16
Q

Cognitive Theory: Preoperational

A

-2-7 years
-More extensive use of language and symbolisms
-Magical thinking

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17
Q

Cognitive Theory: Concrete Operational

A

-17-12 years:
-Logic
-Develops concepts of reversibility and conservation

18
Q

Cognitive Theory: Formal Operational

A

-12 years - adult
-Ability to think abstractly
-Thinking operates in a formal, logical manner

19
Q

Interpersonal Theory

A

-Harry Sullivan
-Behavior occurs because of one’s interpersonal dynamics
-Interpersonal relationships and experiences influence one’s personality

20
Q

Interpersonal Development: Infancy

A

-Birth - 18 months
-Oral gratification; anxiety occurs for the first time

21
Q

Interpersonal Development: Childhood

A

-18 months - 6 years
-Delayed gratification

22
Q

Interpersonal Development: Juvenile

A

-6-9 years
-Forming peer relationships

23
Q

Interpersonal Development: Preadolescence

A

-9-12 years
-Same-sex relationships

24
Q

Interpersonal Development: Early adolescence

A

-12-14 years
-Opposite-sex relationships

25
Q

Interpersonal Development: Late adolescence

A

-14-21 years
-Self-identity developed

26
Q

Hierarchy of Needs Theory

A

-Abraham Maslow
-Focus on health over illness
-Certain needs are more important than others
1. Survival
2. Safety and security
3. Love and belonging
4. Self-esteem
5. Self-actualization

27
Q

Health Belief Model

A

-Marshall Becker
-Healthy people do not always take advantage of screening or preventative programs
—Perception of susceptibility
—Seriousness of illness
—Perceived benefits of treatment
—Perceived barriers to change
—Expectations of efficacy

28
Q

Transtheoretical Model of Change: Precontemplation

A

No intention to change

29
Q

Transtheoretical Model of Change: Contemplation

A

-Thinking about changing
-Is aware that there is a problem but not committed to changing

30
Q

Transtheoretical Model of Change: Preparation

A

-Made the decision to change
-Ready for action

31
Q

Transtheoretical Model of Change: Action

A

Engaging in specific, overt actions to change

32
Q

Transtheoretical Model of Change: Maintenance

A

Engaging in behaviors to prevent relapse

33
Q

Motivational Interviewing

A

-Focused, goal-directive therapy
-Motivation is elicited from the client
-Builds on Transtheoretical Model

34
Q

Self-Efficacy and Social Learning Theory

A

-Albert Bandura
-Behavior is the result of cognitive and environmental factors
-People lear by observing others

35
Q

Theory of Cultural Care

A

-Madeline Leininger
-Regardless of the culture, care is the unifying focus and the essence of nursing

36
Q

Theory of Self-Care

A

-Dorothy Orem
-Self-Care: Activities that maintain life, health, and well-being

37
Q

Therapeutic Nurse-Client Relationship Theory (Interpersonal Theory)

A

-Hildegard Peplau
-Nursing is an interpersonal process in which all interventions occur within the context of the nurse-client relationship
-Behavior represents the person trying to adapt to internal or environmental forces

38
Q

Phases of Nurse-Client Relationship

A
  1. Orientation phase
  2. Working phase: (identification, exploitation)
  3. Termination phase (resolution)
39
Q

Caring Theory

A

-Jean Watson
-Caring is essential to nursing
-Carative factors, care that potentiates the therapeutic healing and relationship, should be implemented

40
Q

Social Learning Theory

A

Attention, Retention, Reproduction, and Motivation

PMHNP ANCC (3 decks)

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