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PMHNP ANCC > Neuroanatomy, Neurophysiology, and Behavior > Flashcards

Neuroanatomy, Neurophysiology, and Behavior Flashcards

1
Q

Neuron

A

-Basic cellular unit of nervous system
-Responsible for conducting impulses from one part of the body to another

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2
Q

Cell Body

A

-Soma
-Made of of nucleus and cytoplasm within the cell membrane

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3
Q

Stem

A

-Axon
-Transmits signals away from the neuron’s cell body to connect with other neuron cells

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4
Q

Dendrites

A

Collect incoming signals from other neurons and send the signal toward the neuron’s cell body

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5
Q

Central Nervous System

A

Spinal cord and brain

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6
Q

Peripheral Nervous System

A

-Peripheral nerves that connect CNS to receptors, muscles, and glands
-Cranial nerves
-Somatic and autonomic nervous system

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7
Q

Somatic Nervous System

A

-Conveys information from the CNS to the skeletal muscles
-Responsible for voluntary movement

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8
Q

Autonomic Nervous System

A

-Regulates internal body functions to maintain homeostasis
-Conveys information from the CNS to smooth muscle, cardiac muscle, and glads
-Responsible for involuntary movement
-Divided into sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous systems

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9
Q

Sympathetic Nervous System

A

-Excitatory division
-Prepares the body for stress
-Stimulates or increase activity or organs

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10
Q

Parasympathetic Nervous System

A

-Maintains or restores energy
-Inhibits of decreases activity of organs

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11
Q

White Matter

A

Myelinated axons of the brain

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12
Q

Gray Matter

A

-Composed of nerve cell bodies and dendrites
-Working area of the brain and contains synapses
-Area of neuronal connection

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13
Q

Sulci

A

Small, shallow grooves in the outer brain

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14
Q

Fissures

A

Deeper grooves extending into the brain

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15
Q

Gyri

A

Raised tissue areas on outer brain

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16
Q

Cerebrum

A

-Frontal lobe
-Temporal lobe
-Occipital lobe
-Parietal lobe
-Cerebral cortex
-Limbic system
-Basal ganglia

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17
Q

Frontal Lobe

A

-Motor function
-Premotor area
-Association Cortex
-Seat of executive functions
-Language
-Personality variables

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18
Q

Premotor area

A

-Frontal lobe
-Coordinates movement of multiple muscles

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19
Q

Association Cortex

A

-Frontal lobe
-Allows for multimodal sensory input to trigger memory and lead to decision making

20
Q

Seat of Executive Functions

A

-Frontal lobe
-Working memory, reasoning, planning, prioritizing, sequencing behavior, insight, flexibility, judgement, impulse control, behavior cueing, intelligence, abstraction

21
Q

Broca’s Area

A

-Frontal love
-Language/expressive speech

22
Q

Problems in Frontal Lobe

A

Personality, emotional, and intellectual changes

23
Q

Temporal Lobe

A

-Language
-Primary auditory area
-Memory
-Emotion
-Integration of vision with sensory information

24
Q

Wernicke’s Area

A

-Temporal lobe
-Receptive speech or language comprehension

25
Q

Problems in Temporal Lobe

A

-Visual or auditory hallucinations, aphasia, amnesia

26
Q

Occipital Lobe

A

-Primary visual cortex
-Integration area (integrates vision with other sensory information)

27
Q

Problems in Occipital Lobe

A

Visual field defects, blindness, and visual hallucinations

28
Q

Parietal Lobe

A

-Primary sensory area
-Taste
-Reading and writing

29
Q

Problems in Parietal Lobe

A

Sensory-perceptual disturbances, agnosia

30
Q

Cerebral Cortex

A

-Controls the contralateral side of body
-Sensory information is relayed from thalamus and then processed and integrated in the cortex
-Responsible for speech, cognition, judgement, perception, and motor function

31
Q

Limbic System

A

-Regulation and modulation of emotions and memory
-Hypothalamus
-Thalamus
-Hippocampus
-Amygdala

32
Q

Hypothalamus

A

-Plays key role in appetite, sensations of hunger and thirst, water balance, circadian rhythms, body temperature, libido, and hormonal regulation

33
Q

Thalamus

A

-Sensory relay station except for smell
-Modulates flow of sensory information to prevent overwhelming the cortex
-Regulates emotions, memory, and related affective behaviors

34
Q

Hippocampus

A

Regulates memory and converts short-term memory into long-term memory

35
Q

Amygdala

A

-Responsible for mediating mood, fear, emotion, and aggression
-Responsible for connecting sensory smell information with emotions

36
Q

Basal Ganglia

A

-Corpus striatum
-Modulate and stabilize somatic motor activity
-Complex motor functions with associations
-Functions in learning and automatic reactions (i.e. walking)
-Functions in involuntary movements (muscle tone, posture)

37
Q

Problems in Basal Ganglia

A

Bradykinesia, hyperkinesias, dystonia

38
Q

Brainstem

A

-Made up of cells that produce neurotransmitters
-Midbrain
-Pons
-Medulla
-Cerebellum
-Reticular formation system

39
Q

Midbrain

A

Houses the ventral tegmental area and the substania nigra (areas of dopamine synthesis)

40
Q

Pons

A

Houses the locus cerleus (areas of norepinephrine synthesis)

41
Q

Medulla

A

Together with the pons, contains autonomic control centers that regulate internal body functions

42
Q

Cerebellum

A

-Responsible for maintaining equilibrium
-Acts as a gross movement control center
-Posture, balance

43
Q

Romberg Test

A

Important for detecting deficiencies in cerebellar functioning

44
Q

Reticular Formation System

A

-Primitive brain
-Innervates thalamus, hypothalamus, and cortex
-Involuntary movement, reflex, muscle tone, vital sign control, blood pressure, respiratory rate,
-Critical to consciousness and ability to mentally focus, to be alert, and pay attention to environmental stimuli

45
Q

Monoamines

A

-Dopamine
-Norepinephrine
-Epinephrine
-Serotonin

46
Q

Epinephrine

A

PMHNP ANCC (3 decks)

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