Neuroanatomy, Neurophysiology, and Behavior Flashcards
Neuron
-Basic cellular unit of nervous system
-Responsible for conducting impulses from one part of the body to another
Cell Body
-Soma
-Made of of nucleus and cytoplasm within the cell membrane
Stem
-Axon
-Transmits signals away from the neuron’s cell body to connect with other neuron cells
Dendrites
Collect incoming signals from other neurons and send the signal toward the neuron’s cell body
Central Nervous System
Spinal cord and brain
Peripheral Nervous System
-Peripheral nerves that connect CNS to receptors, muscles, and glands
-Cranial nerves
-Somatic and autonomic nervous system
Somatic Nervous System
-Conveys information from the CNS to the skeletal muscles
-Responsible for voluntary movement
Autonomic Nervous System
-Regulates internal body functions to maintain homeostasis
-Conveys information from the CNS to smooth muscle, cardiac muscle, and glads
-Responsible for involuntary movement
-Divided into sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous systems
Sympathetic Nervous System
-Excitatory division
-Prepares the body for stress
-Stimulates or increase activity or organs
Parasympathetic Nervous System
-Maintains or restores energy
-Inhibits of decreases activity of organs
White Matter
Myelinated axons of the brain
Gray Matter
-Composed of nerve cell bodies and dendrites
-Working area of the brain and contains synapses
-Area of neuronal connection
Sulci
Small, shallow grooves in the outer brain
Fissures
Deeper grooves extending into the brain
Gyri
Raised tissue areas on outer brain
Cerebrum
-Frontal lobe
-Temporal lobe
-Occipital lobe
-Parietal lobe
-Cerebral cortex
-Limbic system
-Basal ganglia
Frontal Lobe
-Motor function
-Premotor area
-Association Cortex
-Seat of executive functions
-Language
-Personality variables
Premotor area
-Frontal lobe
-Coordinates movement of multiple muscles
Association Cortex
-Frontal lobe
-Allows for multimodal sensory input to trigger memory and lead to decision making
Seat of Executive Functions
-Frontal lobe
-Working memory, reasoning, planning, prioritizing, sequencing behavior, insight, flexibility, judgement, impulse control, behavior cueing, intelligence, abstraction
Broca’s Area
-Frontal love
-Language/expressive speech
Problems in Frontal Lobe
Personality, emotional, and intellectual changes
Temporal Lobe
-Language
-Primary auditory area
-Memory
-Emotion
-Integration of vision with sensory information
Wernicke’s Area
-Temporal lobe
-Receptive speech or language comprehension
