Theoretical Approaches

Question 1

4 goals of PNF

Answer 1

Initiate or learn a movement
Improve ROM
Motor control
Pain relief

Question 2

5 Procedures of PNF

Answer 2

Resistance
Irradiation
Manual contacts
Body position and mechanics
Verbal commands

Question 3

D1 flexion and extension follow this pattern:

Answer 3

Seatbelt

Question 4

D2 Flexion and extension follow this pattern:

Answer 4

Sword

Question 5

Main principle of NDT

Answer 5

Inhibition of abnormal movement with facilitation of normal movement.

Question 6

A negative response to light touch (sensory integration)

Answer 6

Tactile defensiveness

Question 7

Avoidance of use of one side of the body (Sensory integration)

Answer 7

Unilateral disregard

Question 8

Treatment for tactile defensiveness:

Answer 8

Tactile stimuli progressing from deep to light pressure and from areas of lease hypersensitivity to areas of most.

Question 9

Treatment for unilateral disregard:

Answer 9

Large amount of stimuli to the left side, activities that emphasize use of left side, rolling to the left.

Question 10

Brunnstrom: stages of stroke recovery

Answer 10

1. Flaccidity
2. Spasticity. Basic limb synergies may appear.
3. Spasticity increases.
4. Spasticity decreases.
5. Synergies lose dominance over motor acts.
6. Spasticity disappears.

Question 11

Fitts and Posner Three-Stage Model

Answer 11

Cognitive (what to do)
Associative (how to do)
Autonomous (just do it)

Question 12

Bernstein’s Three stage approach

Answer 12

Novice, advanced, expert.
Reduction of degrees of freedom. Performer begins to increase degrees. Control over all degrees of freedom.