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Theology of the Sacraments Midterm Review Flashcards

1
Q

Why do we need grace, and where do we get grace?

A

We need grace because it sanctifies us, allowing us to grow in holiness and share in God’s divine life. We get grace from God, specifically through the sacraments.

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2
Q

What is the difference between salvific grace and actual grace?

A

Salvic Grace is the sanctifying grace that saves the soul and enables a person to live in communion with God, while Actual Grace is temporary divine assistance to help us act in accordance with God’s will.

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3
Q

What is the connection between Jesus and the Sacraments?

A

Jesus instituted the sacraments as channels of grace. Through the sacraments, we encounter and take part in Christ’s Paschal Mystery.

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4
Q

Identify all of the seven sacraments.

A

Baptism
Confirmation
Eucharist
Reconciliation
Anointing of the Sick
Holy Matrimony
Holy Orders

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5
Q

Define the word sacrament.

A

A sacrament is an outward sign instituted by Christ to give grace.

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6
Q

Define Matter, Recipient, Minister and Form.

A

Matter is the physical or material element used in a sacrament
Recipient is the person who receives a sacrament
Minister is the person administering the sacrament
Form is the words and actions performed during the sacrament.

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7
Q

What is the relationship between the sacraments and the Bible?

A

Sacraments are rooted in scripture and often fulfill Old Testament prefigurements.

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8
Q

What is the relationship between the sacraments and the Church?

A

The Church is the custodian of the sacraments, ensuring they are administered validly and faithfully.

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9
Q

What does Baptism do to a person?

A

Baptism removes a person’s original and personal sin, initiates a person into the church, and imparts sanctifying grace.

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10
Q

What are some Old Testament prefigurements of Baptism?

A

Old Testament prefigurements of Baptism include Noah’s arc (The flood cleansed the earth of sin, symbolizing how Baptism cleanses us of original sin and personal sin), the crossing of the Red Sea (The Israelites who cross the Red Sea are being rescued from slavery, just like how Baptism rescues us from the slavery of sin), and the crossing of the Jordan River (The Israelites do this to enter the Holy Land, just like we use)

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11
Q

What does the water symbolize in Baptism?

A

Water symbolizes purification in Baptism, as well as death to sin and rebirth into new life.

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12
Q

Compare and contrast Jesus’ Baptism with the sacrament of Baptism.

A

Jesus’ Baptism was an example of humility and a manifestation of his mission, while the Sacrament of Baptism cleanses sin and imparts divine grace.

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13
Q

What does it mean to say that Jesus is the only begotten son of God? How is this relevant to our Baptism?

A

To say Jesus is the only begotten son of God means that Jesus is God’s one and only son sharing his nature, and that he is not a created being. This is relevant to Baptism because in Baptism we become the adopted children of God.

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14
Q

What event serves as the Baptism for the Disciples of Jesus?

A

Pentecost serves as the Baptism of the Disciples of Jesus.

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15
Q

What is original sin?

A

Original Sin is the fallen state of human nature inherited from Adam and Eve.

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16
Q

Can a person be “unbaptized”?

A

No, Baptism imparts an indelible spiritual mark that cannot be removed.

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17
Q

Explain the common priesthood of the faithful

A

The common priesthood of the faithful shared by all baptized Catholics to share in Christ’s priestly mission through worship and sacrifice.

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18
Q

What does it mean to be a priest, prophet and king in Jesus Christ?

A

It means that as a priest we should offer spiritual sacrifices, as a prophet we should proclaim God’s word, and as a King we should lead with Christ’s example of service.

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19
Q

What is Baptism of Blood? What is Baptism of Desire?

A

Baptism of Blood is the granting of Baptismal graces due to Martyrdom for the faith.

Baptism of Desire is the implicit or explicit desire for Baptism when the sacrament is not possible.

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20
Q

What is OCIA?

A

OCIA is the Order of Christian Initiation for Adults.

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21
Q

Put the periods/steps of OCIA in order, from the start to the celebration of sacraments.

A

**Correction

  • **Period of Inquiry
  • First Step: Rite of Acceptance into the Order of Catechumens
  • Period of Catechumenate
  • Second Step: Rite of Election
  • Period of Purification and Enlightenment
  • Third Step: Celebration of the Sacramerts of Intitiation
  • Period of Post Baptismal Mystagogy

The periods/steps of OCIA in order are inquiry, catechumenate, purification & enlightenment, and the celebration of the sacraments.

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22
Q

Who can participate in OCIA?

A

An unbaptized adult seeking full communion with the church can participate in OCIA.

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23
Q

What happens in the period of inquiry?

A

The Period of Inquiry is charechterized by exploring faith and discerning readiness for formal instruction.

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24
Q

What happens in the period of the catechumenate?

A

The Period of Catechumenate is charechterized by intensive insituction in the faith and spiritual formation.

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25
What happens in the period of purification and enlightenment?
The Period of Purification and Enlightenment is a final preparation during Lent, focusing on repentance and spiritual readiness.
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Original Sin
is the inherited fallen state of human nature caused by Adam and Eve’s disobedience in the Garden of Eden. Baptism removes original sin but does not eliminate concupiscense (our inclination to sin).
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Sacred Chrism
Sacred Chrism is a perfumeed oil consecrated by a bishop, used in the sacraments of Baptism, Confirmation, and Holy Order to symbolize the gift of the Holy Spirit.
28
Catechumen
Catechumen is an unpabtized person preparing to receive the sacraments of initiation (Baptism, Confirmation, and Eucharist).
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Catechesis
Catechesis the process of religious instruction and formation in the Catholic faith, aimed at deepening understanding and commitment.
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Evangelization
Evangelization the proclamation of the Gospel to bring others to faith in Christ, often through words, actions, and witness.
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Easter
Easter is the celebration of Christ’s Resurrection, the cornerstone of Christian faith and the fulfillmnet of God’s plan of salvation
32
What does Confirmation do to a person that no other sacrament does?
Confirmation strengthens and seals the gifts of the Holy Spirit received in Baptism, empowering the person to be a bold witness for Christ.
33
Identify and be able to define the 7 gifts of the Holy Spirit. Do this in your own words, but also know the definitions in your notes.
1. Wisdom (seeing the word of God) 2. Understanding (grasping the deeper meaning of God's truth) 3. Counsel, Right Judgement (making good moral decisions with God's guidance) 4. Fortitude (standing firm in faith, even in challenges) 5. Knowledge (knowing God and his will through experience/learning) 6. Piety, Reverence (loving God and others with humility and respect) 7. Fear of the Lord (recognizing God's greatness and avoiding sin)
34
Contrast Wisdom, Knowledge and Understanding.
Wisdom is applying divine insight to live a holy life, Knowledge is acquiring information about God and creation, and Understanding is comprehending and interpreting God’s teachings.
35
What are the Fruits of the Spirit? (I’m not asking you to list them out, but express what they are as a concept).
The Fruits are visible signs of God’s presence in a believer’s life, showing the results of living by the Holy Spirit.
36
What is the relationship between the Gifts of the Spirit and the Fruits of the Spirit?
The Gifts of the Holy Spirit empower Christian to live holy lives, while the Fruits are the virtues and actions that naturally result from using the gifts.
37
What is the traditional order of the sacraments of initiation in the West? How about the East? Why is it different in the West?
West: Baptism, Eucharist, Confirmation (often separated in time). East: Baptism, Confirmation (Chrismation), Eucharist (administered together in infancy).
38
What does it mean to say that the Holy Spirit is our “advocate”?
The Holy Spirit intercedes for us, strengthens us, and leads us to truth, serving as a helper and guide in our spiritual lives.
39
What are some ways in which the Holy Spirit is significant in the Old Testament?
The Spirit appears in creation (Genesis 1:2), inspires prophets, and empowers leaders like Moses, Joshua, and David.
40
What are a few meanings for the word “Ruah”?
Ruah means breath, wind, and spirit, symbolizing life, power, and the presence of God.
41
Identify the Matter and Form of the Sacrament of Confirmation.
The matter in confirmation is the Sacred Chrism. The form in Confirmation is the words “be sealed with the gift of the Holy Spirit".
42
Identify the Minister and Recipient of Confirmation.
The minister in confirmation is (ordinary) a Bishop or (extraordinary) a Priest. The recipient in Confirmation is a Baptized person, properly catechized and prepared.
43
What Biblical event serves as the Confirmation of the Apostles/disciples?
Pentecost serves as the Confirmation of the Apostles/disciples.
44
How is Pentecost related to the Tower of Babel?
Pentecost is related to the Tower of Babel because Babel takes away the power of speech from the apostles, while at Pentecost the Holy Spirit descends on the Apostles and empowers them to spread the gospel regardless of language.
45
Chrismation
Chrismation is a term used in the Eastern Catholic and Orthodox Chruches for the sacrament of Confirmation. It involves the anointing of the baptized person with Sacred Chrism (holy oil), signifying the gift of the Holy Spirit.
46
Sacred Chrism
Sacred Chrism is the holy oil mixed saith balsam and consecrated by a bishop during the Chrism Mass on Holy Thursday. It is used in the sacraments of Baptism, Confirmation, and Holy Orders, symbolizing the presence of the Holy Spirit.
47
Extraordinary Minister
Extraordinary Minister is a layperson or non-ordained individual authoriazed by the church to assist in specific roles, such as distributing Holy Communion when necessary.
48
Ordinary Minister
Ordinary Minister is a person who, by virtue of their ordination, has the primary authority to administer a particular sacrament.
49
Who is Melchizedek? Where does he appear in scripture? How does his story prefigure the Eucharist?
Melchizedek was a priest-king who offered bread and wine to Abraham. He appears in Genesis. This story preifgures the Eucharist because Christ, the eternal High Priest, would later offer himaself in the form of bread and wine in the Eucharist.
50
What is the connection between the biblical Passover in the book of Exodus and the Eucharist?
Passover’s lamb sacrifice and the meal commemorating liberation from slavery prefigure Christ, the Lamb of God, whose sacrafice and Eucharistic meal delivery us from sin and death.
51
When consecrating the Eucharist, who is the “ordinary minister”? Are there extraordinary ministers for this task? If so, who?
The ordinary minister is a validly ordained priest or bishop. There are no extraordinary ministers because consecration is an exclusive thing.
52
When distributing the Eucharist to recipients, who is the “ordinary minister”? Are there extraordinary ministers for this task? If so, who?
The ordinary ministers in distributing communion are Priests, Bishops, or Deacons. The extraordinary ministers are laypersons commissioned by the Church in specific circumstances.
53
Who is the recipient of the Eucharist?
The recipient is any Baptized Catholic in a state of grace who has been proerly prepared.
54
What are the “two species” of the Eucharist? In what way is God present in them?
The two species of the Eucharist are the Bread and Wine, fully transformed into the Body and Blood of Christ through Transubstantiation.
55
What is the Matter of the Eucharist?
The matter of the Eucharist is bread made from wheat and wine made from grapes.
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What is the Form of the Eucharist?
The form of the Eucharist are the words of consecration, “This is My body… This is My Blood…”
58
When was the Eucharist first instituted?
The Eucharist was first instituted in the Last Supper.
59
Explain how the Eucharist is a sacrifice? How does this relate to our salvation?
The Eucharist is a sacrifice because it makes present Christ’s one sacrifice on the cross. This relates to our salvation because Christ’s actions on the cross saved us, and through the Eucharist we commemorate and participate in his Paschal Mystery.
60
How is Christ’s Paschal Mystery proclaimed and made present in the Eucharist?
Christ’s Paschal Mystery is proclaimed and made present in the Eucharist through its actual celebration. The Eucharist is proclaimed, the mystery is made present in the Eucharist (i.e. sacrificial nature and real presence), the Eucharist is tied to our salvation, and Anamnesis (making past events a living reality).
61
Compare the worship of the first Christians with how we worship today at Mass?
Early Christians worshiped in simple and community-focused services. It took place in homes and informal church buildings. The central act of worship was the breaking of bread. Modern worship has a formal structure, divided into the Liturgy of the Word (scripture readings, homily, prayers) and the Liturgy of the Eucharist (offering, consecration, communion). The Mass is shared in a sacred space and is distinct.
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Anamnesis
Anamnesis is a Greek term meaning remembrance. In the Eucharist, it refers to the liturgical act of recalling Christ’s Passion, Death, Resurrection, and Ascension, making these saving events present to the faithful.
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Eucharist
Eucharist comes from the Greek word meaning “thanksgiving.” It is the sacrament in which bread and wine are consecrated and become the Body and Blood of Christ, the source and summit of Catholic life.
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Transubstantiation
Transubstantiation is the doctrine that during the consecration at mass, the substance of bread and wine becomeas the Body and Blood of Christ while retaining the appearance of bread and wine.
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Epiclesis
Epiclesis is a part of the Eucharistic Prayer where the priest calls upon the Holy Spirit to sanctify the bread and wine, transforming them into the Body and Blood of Christ.
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Eucharistic Prayer
Eucharistic Prayer is the central prayer of the Mass during the Liturgy of the Eucharist, encompassing thanksgiving, the epiclesis, the consecration, and the anzmnesis.
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What is the matter and form of the sacrament of Reconciliation?
Matter: The acts of the pentitent, that is contrition, confession, and satisfaction. Form: The words of absolution spoken by the priest: “I absolve you…”
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Who is the minister of Reconciliation? Who can be a recipient?
Minister: a validly ordained priest or bishop Recipient: any baptized Chrisitan who has committed sin and is willing to repent.
69
What is venial sin? Identify several ways that a Christian can have venial sins absolved.
A venial sin is a lesser sin that does not sever one’s relationship with God but weakens it. Ways to have such a sin absolved include receiving the Eucharist, acts of charity, reciting the Act of Contition, or making use of the sacramentals.
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What is mortal sin? Identify three ways that a Christian can have mortal sins absolved.
A mortal sin is a grave sin that breaks one’s relationship with God. The three ways to have a mortal sin absolved are through sacramental confession, perfect contrition with the intent to confess as soon as possible, and (in cases of imminent death) an act of perfect contrition with no opportunity for confession.
71
Identify and define the three conditions that constitute a mortal sin.
Grave Matter (the sin must be a serious offense) Full Knowledge (the person must know the act is sinful and grave) Deliberate Consent (the person must freely choose to commit the act)
72
What is contrition? What kind of contrition is needed for the sacrament of reconciliation?
Contrition is a sincere sorry for sins and a resolve to avoid sin in the future. For the sacrament of reconciliation, perfect contrition (sorrow motivated by love of God) or imperfect contrition (sorrow motivated by fear of punishment or loss of heaven) is needed.
73
What is an examination of conscience?
The examination of conscience is a prayerful reflection to identify sins, usually based on the Ten Commandments or Beatitudes.
74
Describe how reconciliation was practiced in the early Church. How did this impact the way people practiced baptism?
In the early church, reconciliation was practiced through public confession and penance for serious sins. Penance could be lengthy and performed before the community. This discouraged frequent confession and led to the development of private confession.
75
Why did reconciliation become a private sacrament? Where did this happen? When?
Reconciliation became a private sacrament in order to encourage the sacrament’s practice in a private setting. This happened in 6th century Irish monasteries.
76
What’s the difference between obligatory and devotional reconciliation?
Obligatory confession is the required confession of mortal sins at least once a year. Devotional confession is the voluntary confession of venial sins to grow in holiness.
77
What is scrupulosity? What causes scrupulosity and what can a person do to help with it?
Scupulosity is an excessive anxiety about committing sins or whether sins jave been forgiveen. It is caused by misunderstadning God’s mercy, perfectionism, or physcological tendencies and can be helped by guidance from a spiritual director or confessor, frequenct reception of the sacraments, and prayer for trust in God’s mercy.
78
Understand the biblical origins of the sacrament of anointing of the sick.
Anointing of the Sick is instituted in James 5: 14-15, in which Christ calls the elder of the church to pray for them and anoint them wuth oil in the name of the Lord.
79
What New Testament Epistle talks about anointing of the sick?
James.
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Who is the minister and recipient of anointing of the sick?
Minister: A priest or bishop Recipient: Any baptized person who is seriously ill, about to undergo surgery, or near death.
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What is the matter and form of anointing of the sick?
The matter is the anointing with oil (blessed olive oil). The form is the prayer of anointing, “may the Lord…”
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What is the main effect of anointing of the sick?
The main effect of anointing of the sick is strengthening of the soul and, if God wills, the body; forgiveness of sins, and preparation for eternal life.
83
What is viaticum?
Viaticum is the Eucharist given to a dying person as food for the journey to eternal life.
84
Who are the ministers and recipients of the sacrament of Holy Matrimony?
The ministers of the sacrament of Holy Matrimony are the bride and groom, while the recipients are a baptized man and woman.
85
What is the matter and form of the sacrament of Holy Matrimony?
The matter is the couple’s consent. The form is the words of consent experiessed in the vows.
86
What are the biblical roots of the sacrament of Holy Matrimony?
The biblical roots of the sacrament of Holy Matrimony are found in Genesis 2:24 (the two shall become one flesh) and in Ephesians in which Christ’s love for the church is compared to marriage.
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What are some scenarios that could interfere with the consent expressed in vows?
Things that interfere with consent are force, fear, or ignorance. Mental incapacity or physcological immaturity as well.
89
How does marriage serve as a symbol of heaven?
Marriage serves as a symbol of heaven because it reflects the union of Christ and His Chruch, pointing to eternal union with God.
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What is annulment?
Annulment is a declaration by the Church that a valid sacramental marriage never existed due to lack of consent or another imediment.
91
What role does discernment play in the sacrament of Holy Matrimony?
Discernment is essential for understanding one’s vocation and readiness for lifelong commitment.
92
What is the sacramental role behind the tradition of having a maid/matron of honor and the best man?
The maid/matron of honor and the Best Man are the result of a need for witnesses in the early church.
93
What is the matter and form of the Sacrament of Holy Orders?
The matter is laying on of hands. The form is the consecratory prayer specific to each order.
94
Who is the minister and recipient of Holy Orders?
The minister is a bishop, while the recipient is a baptized male.
95
What are the biblical roots of the sacrament of Holy Orders?
The biblical roots of the sacrament of Holy Orders are in Acts 6:6, calling for the ordination of deacons, and in John 20:21-23, calling for the authority to forgive sins.
96
What are some differences between the Holy Orders in the eastern Church and the western Church?
The eastern church allows married men to be ordained as priests but not bishops. The Western Church requires celibacy for priests and bishops.
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What are some similarities between Holy Orders and Holy Matrimony?
Holy Orders and Matrimony are similar to each other because both are sacraments of service and self-gift. Both involve a permanent, sacramental commitment.
98
How does the sacrament of Holy Orders serve as a symbol of Heaven?
Holy Orders reflects Christ’s eternal priesthood and his role as mediator between God and humanity.
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Parts of the Mass
Introductory Rites Liturgy of the Word Liturgy of the Eucharist Concluding Rites
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Introductory Rites (5)
Entrance Greeting Pentitential Act Gloria Collect
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Liturgy of the Word (8)
First Reading Responsorial Psalm Second Reading Gospel Acclamation Gospel Homily Profession of Faith Prayer of the Faithful
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Liturgy of the Eucharist (8)
Presentation of the Gifts and Preperation of the Altar Prayer over the offerings Eucharistic Prayer - Preface - Holy Holy Holy - First half of the prayer, including the consecration - Mystery of Faith - Second half of the prayer, ecnding with Doxology The Lord’s Prayer Sign of Peace Lamb of God Communion Prayer After
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