Theme E Flashcards by Dhruv Bhanderi

Christian teachings on morality

Ten commandments

Original sin - tendency to sin

Misuse of free will

Influence of Satan / Devil

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Hindu teachings on morality

Law of Manu

Dharma

Bhagavad Gita

Karma

Maya

Triguna (three modes)

Free will

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Types of crime

Crime against:

The person

Property

The state

Religion

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Reasons for crime - poverty

No alternative way out

Christian views -
Keen to make sure no one is poor so cannot be an excuse

Hindu views -
The Bhagavad Purana states that greed and poverty destroy human virtue

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Reasons for crime - upbringing

The environment a person is brought up in

Christian views -
Christian parents teach children right vs wrong

Hindu views -
Hindus raise their children to show respect and love, Arjuna in the BG alludes to how children who are unloved are more likely to behave immorally

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Reasons for crime - mental illness

Phycological issues make it hard to distinguish right or wrong

Christian views -
Kleptomania is a mental condition that makes people steal

Hindu views -
Mental health problems are responsible for a fraction of crime, part of dharma to help others

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Reasons for crime - addiction

They may be addicted to immoral things

Christian views -
Catholics believe being drunk is a sin; no denomination encourages excessive drinking

Hindu views -
Those addicted committing a crime should be punished, links to Tamas Guna

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Reasons for crime - greed

Our emotions are mainly responsible for crime

Christian views -
Christians are taught not to covet (Ten Commandments); envy is one of the seven deadly sins

Hindu views -
Tamas guna brings about selfish desires, Gandhi - ‘earth provides enough to satisfy every man’s need but not every man’s greed’

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Reasons for crime - hate

Leads us to take revenge and commit crimes

Christian views -
Aggression and a border between the two parties, Jesus taught us to settle disputes in a peaceful manner

Hindu views -
Hinduism teaches us to show love and compassion as in the BG

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Reasons for crime - opposition to unjust law

Committed in protest of certain laws

Christian views -
Civil Rights Movement eventually changed unjust laws

Hindu views -
Believe if a law is unjust then it ought to be broken

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Three aims of punishment

Retribution

Deterrence

Reformation

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Retribution

Punishment inflicted on someone as vengeance for a wrong or criminal act

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Christian opinions on retribution

‘Eye for an eye, a tooth for a tooth’

‘Love your enemies and pray for those who persecute you’

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Hindu opinions on retribution

A form of violence - goes against ahimsa

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Deterrence

A punishment deterring an offender from committing a crime

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Christian opinions on deterrence

An effective punishment as people do not want to live in poor conditions

Hindu opinions on deterrence

The Law of Manu recommended a sequence of punishments; a warning —> imprisonment

Reformation

Making changes in their life to become a better person

Christian opinions on reformation

The Parable of The Lost Sun states that a man who takes inheritance from his father wastes it, regrets his behaviour and returns home, his father had open arms and gave him a second chance

Hindu opinions on reformation

Punishments should be humane and be aimed at reform

Reformation begins with the offender understanding what they did wrong

Christian views on law breakers

Jesus forgives but repentance is necessary; story of the criminal on the cross

‘Eye for an eye, a tooth for a tooth’

Christians succumb to sinning - original sin shows this

Parable of The Sheep and The Goat

Hindu views on law breakers

Capital punishment - beating the prisoner

Law of Manu - a warning at first, but then serious consequences

Karma - will get punished in their next life

Dharma

Daya - compassion to all

Dana - help those in need

Christian views towards prisons

Supported for more serious crime

Prisoners should be treated well

Activities + education to help them reform

RR - Parable of The Sheep and The Goat

Hindu views towards prisons

Helps protect society from dangerous criminals

Christian views towards corporal punishment

They don't support corporal punishment Doesn't seek to reform the offender Negative and harmful punishment RR - Agape + Golden Rule

Hindu views towards corporal punishment

Sequence of punishments in the Law of Manu Hindus should avoid physical punishment RR = Ahimsa

Christian views towards community service

It acts as a deterrence and helps offenders realise their consequences No harm done to the offender

Hindu views towards community service

The Law of Manu states that labour can be imposed rather than a fine RR - 'The treatment of criminals should be on an individual level' - Law of Manu

Christian attitudes towards suffering

They believe they should help victims of suffering Follow Jesus who helped those who suffered Wrong to blame God for the suffering in the world RR - 'Suffering produces perseverance, character and hope' - Romans

Hindu attitudes towards suffering

Must not affect a person's spiritual growth or ability to show compassion Negative actions lead to bad karma and therefore more suffering Suffering is inevitable as humans have bodies and minds which deteriorate and decay Suffering is caused by focusing on human desire rather than God

Christian attitudes to causing suffering to others

Jesus taught them to love each other and take care of those in need Christians believe causing suffering to others is inevitable, but they must focus on repairing the damage done

Hindu attitudes to causing suffering to others

Wrong to cause harm to anyone Showing compassion and kindness is good karma Principle of ahimsa Creates vikarma (bad karma)

Christian views on forgiveness

Following Jesus' path as he was forgiving Forgiveness can only be offered if the offender has repented Jesus forgave the man on the cross after he repented Jesus forgave the woman who committed adultery by saying - 'throw a stone if you have not sinned' - showing that everyone makes mistakes RR - 'Forgive them Father for they do not know what they are doing' - Bible RR - 'Forgive our trespasses, as we forgive those who trespass against us' - Lord's Prayer

Hindu views on forgiveness

Sita is known to be forgiving Murder and rape are unforgivable in Hinduism It is not our duty to blame and punish others as it will occur under the laws of karma RR - 'Forgiveness is a divine characteristic' - BG RR - 'Forgiveness is the one supreme peace' - Mahabharata

Principle of utility

Philosophical idea that an action is right if it promotes maximum happiness for the maximum amount of people affected by it

Christian views for the death penalty

Teachings from the Old Testament support this view RR - 'Whoever sheds human blood by humans shall the blood be shed' - Genesis RR - 'Eye for an eye, a tooth for a tooth'

Hindu views for the death penalty

Hinduism teaches that the atman cannot be killed but the body can, therefore the death penalty is not the final ending of life Can be right for serious crimes (terrorism) to prevent further harm

Christian views against the death penalty

Sanctity of life and only God can take away life as he created all life RR - 'All wrongdoers should be reformed (not executed) - Ezekiel

Hindu views against the death penalty

Sanctity of life RR - 'God alone can take life because he alone gives it' - Gandhi RR - Ahimsa