Theme D Flashcards by Jade Shimada

What is peace?

An absence of conflict and a time of harmony

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

What is justice?

Bringing about what is right and fair according to the law

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

What is forgiveness?

Showing grace and mercy and pardoning someone for what they have done wrong

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

What is reconciliation?

When individuals or groups restore friendly relations after conflict

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Explain 2 Christian teachings about peace (include 2 quotes)

‘Love thy neighbour’ - treat others how you’d like to be treated

‘Blessed are the peacemakers for they shall be called children of God’ - those who are peacemakers are able to gain eternal glory

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Explain 2 Buddhist teachings about peace (include 2 quotes)

Metta - Buddhists want to show loving kindness and so they work for peace

Karuna - Buddhists aim to show compassion, so will remain peaceful

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Explain 2 Christian teachings about justice (include 2 quotes)

‘Let justice roll on like a river’ - Justice is ever flowing like a river and should never be blocked off

‘If someone slaps you on one cheek turn to them the other one’ - Justice should not be combined with revenge so do not seek it

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Explain 2 Buddhist teachings about justice (include 2 quotes)

‘Whoever tries to seek happiness through hurting others, cannot find happiness’ (Dhammapada) - Revenge is not the path to happiness, it is wrong

‘I believe in justice and truth, without which there would be no basis for human hope’ (Dalai Lama) - Justice and truth go hand in hand and without them, there is no hope

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Explain 2 Christian teachings about forgiveness (include 2 quotes)

‘forgive us our trespasses as we forgive those who trespass against us’ (Lord’s Prayer) - Our forgiveness from God will depend on our forgiveness of others

‘Today you will be with me in paradise’ - During the crucifixion, Jesus forgives the criminals next to him so they are able to gain eternal life

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Explain 2 Buddhist teachings about forgiveness (include 2 quotes)

‘Hatred will not cease by hatred but only by love’ (The Buddha) - Hatred is only reversible through love, not hatred

3 poisons - Hatred is 1 of the 3 poisons which cause suffering, therefore we should forgive. Otherwise, it prevents nirvana

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Explain 2 Christian teachings about reconciliation (include 2 quotes)

Parable of Prodigal Son shows that Christians should work towards reconciliation

Roman Catholic Church: sacrament of reconciliation (asking for forgiveness of their sins) mends broken relationship with God - ‘Forgiveness of sins bring reconciliation with God but also the church’ (Catechism of Catholic Church)

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Explain 2 Buddhist teachings about reconciliation (include 2 quotes)

‘Hatred will not cease by hatred but by love alone’ (Buddha): love is needed for reconciliation, not hatred

Hatred is 1 of the 3 poisons and causes suffering. The end goal for Buddhists is to reach enlightenment and end suffering therefore should not hate.

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Give 4 causes of war

Greed
Self-defence
Injustice
Religion

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Who developed the Just War theory?

Thomas Aquinas

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

State the criteria for a just war (9)

Declared by legal authority
Cause must be just e.g. to protect citizens
Fought with right intention e.g. against injustice
Last resort (after negotiation)
Likelihood of success
Proportionate e.g. only enough force to reach goal
Civilians protected
Limits of weapons (no nuclear)
Self defence

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Name a Christian denomination that are pacifists and so never believe violence/war can be justified

Quakers

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Explain 2 Christian teachings that suggest war may be justified

Roman Catholic Church and Church of England accept war as long as it follows Just War criteria

‘Defending oneself and others is a duty’ (Pope Benedict) shows that war is acceptable for self-defence/tacking injustice

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Explain 2 Buddhist teachings that suggest war may be justified

‘If someone has a gun and is trying to kill you, it would be reasonable to shoot back with your own gun’ (Dalai Lama)

14th century Buddhist fighters led the uprising that evicted Mongols from China

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Explain 2 Christian teachings that suggest war is never justified

‘If someone slaps you on the cheek turn to them the other also’ (Bible): don’t retaliate

‘Do not kill’ 10 Commandments: war breaks 10 commandments and so is not right

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Explain 2 Buddhist teachings that suggest war is never justified

War goes against metta and karuna (loving kindness and compassion)

‘Hatred will not cease by hatred but by love alone’ (Dalai Lama): 1 of 3 poisons prevents enlightenment

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

What is a holy war and give an example?

A war that is conducted in the name of God
E.g. the Crusades

Give 2 causes of holy war

To spread the faith

To retrieve countries that were once Christian

Explain 2 Christian arguments for holy war

Old Testament: Exodus - God frees Israelites from slavery - shows acceptance of war

Jesus said we should defend our religion: ‘and let him who has no sword sell his mantle and buy one’ - follow Jesus’ example

Explain 2 Christian arguments against holy war

Denomination: Quakers - pacifists, no violence - ‘Blessed are the peacemakers for they shall be called children of God’

Holy wars are difficult to keep the intention: Many went on the crusades for money and stealing from villages

Explain 2 Buddhist arguments for holy war

14th century Buddhist fighters led uprisings that evicted the Mongols from China Dalai Lama: ‘If someone has a gun and is trying to kill you, it would be reasonable to shoot back with your own gun’

Explain 2 Buddhist arguments against holy war

War causes suffering, Buddhist goal is to end suffering to reach enlightenment (against ahimsa, metta and karuna) There has been no holy war in Buddhism, suggesting they do not approve

Give an example of when WMDs have been used in the past

Nagasaki (226,000 deaths) and Hiroshima (129,000) - atomic bombs

Explain Christian attitudes for the use of WMDs

The possession of WMDs may be okay as they deter against war - mutually assured destruction E.g. Cold War

Explain Christian attitudes against the use of WMDs

Denomination: Quakers - pacifists, condemn all violence Against sanctity of life: Life is valuable and given by God therefore only God can take it away

What does Pope Francis say about WMDs?

‘The use of atomic energy for purposes of war is immoral, just as the possession of atomic weapons is immoral’

Explain Buddhist attitudes towards the use of WMDs

Against: Hatred is 1 of 3 poisons: ‘Hatred will not cease by hatred but by love alone’ (Dhammapada) Causes suffering - Buddhist end goal is to end suffering to reach enlightenment: breaks ahimsa, metta, karuna and 8-fold path

What is pacifism?

Rejection of all violence

Give a Christian quote that can be used for a question on pacifism

‘Blessed are the peacemakers for they shall be called children of God’

Explain 2 ways Christian pacifists work for peace (refer to organisations and examples)

Roman Catholic Church: Pax Christi International - global Catholic peace movement Church of England: The Anglican Pacifist Fellowship works for peace

Give a Buddhist quote that can be used for a question on pacifism

‘Hatred will not cease by hatred but by love alone’ Dhammapada

Explain how Buddhist pacifists work for peace (refer to organisations and examples)

Dalai Lama refuses to use violence to free Tibet from Chinese government because of belief in ahimsa Work for organisations such as the Karuna Trust as working for peace ends suffering

What is terrorism?

The unlawful use of violence and intimidation for political aims

Explain 2 Christian teachings about terrorism (give a quote)

‘Love thy neighbour’ - accepting all faiths, terrorism is not loving Innocent people are targeted and results in death which is against the sanctity of life and commandment of ‘do not kill’

Explain 2 Buddhist teachings about terrorism (give a quote)

‘Hurt not others in ways that you yourself would find hurtful’ Udanavarga Causes suffering (against ahimsa, metta and karuna) - Buddhist end goal is to end suffering and reach enlightenment

Explain 2 Christian teachings that explain why violent protests are not acceptable (give a quote)

It is against the law and Christians believe they must respect the law: ‘Submit yourselves for the Lord’s sake to every human authority’ (Bible) ‘Blessed are the peacemakers for they shall be called children of God’ - Beattitudes

Explain 2 Christian teachings that explain why violent protests may be acceptable (give a quote)

Self-defence: ‘Defending oneself and others is a duty’ (Pope Benedict) Jesus acting against injustice and overthrowing the marketplace: violence may be acceptable (Counter: this is not truly an act of violence as there was no harm done)

Explain 2 Buddhist teachings that explain why violent protests are not acceptable (give a quote)

Causes suffering and death: against goal of Buddhism to end suffering and ahimsa Violent protest fuels hatred: ‘Hatred will not cease by hatred but by love alone’ (Dhammapada) 1 of 3 poisons

Explain 2 Buddhist teachings that explain why violent protests may be acceptable (give a quote)

Self-defence: ‘If someone has a gun and is trying to kill you, it would be reasonable to shoot back with your own gun’ (Dalai Lama) Violence may be necessary if all other means of protesting against injustice was tried and failed

Give 2 ways Christians/Buddhists help victims of war

Provide food, shelter, medical aid Campaign against war and violence e.g. CCND

Name 2 Christian organisations that help victims of war

CAFOD Christian Aid

Name 2 Buddhist organisations that help victims of war

The Buddhist Global Relief Organisation Tzu Chi Foundation

Explain 2 reasons why Christians help victims of war (give a quote)

Parable of the Sheep and Goats: providing food and shelter for those in need comes with great rewards Jesus had compassion for those in need: healing of the paralysed man - follow Jesus’ example

Explain 2 reasons why Buddhist help victims of war (give a quote)

Helping victims brings good karma which encourages positive rebirth to become free of suffering and reach enlightenment Believe in working to prevent suffering, showing metta and karuna