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Christianity beliefs Flashcards

1
Q

Give the characteristics of God

A

Omnipotent, omnibenevolent, omniscient and just

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2
Q

Explain 2 beliefs about God’s omnipotence

A

God as the creator - He created all complex life and a beautiful world which achieves a purpose

Miracles in the Bible - Extraordinary events that cannot be proven by science e.g. Jesus walking on water

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3
Q

Explain 2 ways that belief about God’s omnipotence might influence a Christian

A

Praying for miracles as God has the power to intervene

Behaving morally as God has the power to reward and punish them e.g. the Parable of the Sheep and the Goats

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4
Q

Give a quote that can be used for a question on God’s omnipotence

A

‘Nothing is impossible with God’

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5
Q

Explain 2 problems with God’s omnipotence

A

Inconsistent triad - God’s omnipotence cannot coexist with evil

Why doesn’t God perform miracles more often for everyone e.g. curing people of sickness

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6
Q

Explain 2 beliefs about God’s omnibenevolence

A

Jesus’ incarnation - God takes human form in Jesus and sacrificed his only son for humanity’s sins

Creation - God created a beautiful world for us to live in and gave us free will

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7
Q

Explain 2 ways that belief about God’s omnipotence might influence a Christian

A

Ask for forgiveness for their sins as they know that God is loving and will forgive them

Show love to others as God shows love to them e.g. Charity - Christian Aid

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8
Q

Give a quote that can be used for a question on God’s omnibenevolence

A

“For God so loved the world he gave his one and only son”

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9
Q

Explain 2 problems with God’s omnibenevolence

A

Problem of evil - if God is omnibenevolent, why does evil exist

Some actions of God were not loving e.g. Leviticus’ homosexuality punishable by death

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10
Q

Explain 2 beliefs about God’s omniscience

A

God has to know everything, otherwise he is not God - he is a supremely perfect being (Anselm)

Christians emphasise that God knows everything about us saying that we cannot hide anything from God

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11
Q

Explain 2 ways that belief about God’s omniscience might influence a Christian

A

Christians ensure that they do good as God knows everything and can reward/punish them accordingly

Christians find comfort in God’s omniscience as he knows everything that is to come and can help us

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12
Q

Give a quote that can be used for a question on God’s omniscience

A

“God even knows the number of hairs on our head”

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13
Q

Explain 2 problems with God’s omniscience

A

God knows that evil exists but why won’t he stop it

God knows the future - why won’t he intervene to stop bad things

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14
Q

Explain 2 beliefs about God as just

A

God is fair to all and forgives those who repent e.g. the Parable of the Prodigal Son

God is the perfect judge of character e.g. the Parable of the Sheep and Goat

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15
Q

What is the Parable of the Prodigal Son?

A

The Prodigal Son spent all his money recklessly in town and lost all of his money. He was afraid of being punished when he came back to his father but instead, he was forgiven.

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16
Q

Explain 2 ways that belief about God’s justice might influence a Christian

A

Remain faithful in times of injustice as they will receive justice in the afterlife - eternal life in paradise with God

Work for charities to end injustice e.g. Christian Aid

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17
Q

Give a quote that can be used for a question on God’s justice

A

“Let justice roll on like a river”

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18
Q

Explain a problem with the idea of God as just

A

A forgiving God cannot be just in the judgement to the afterlife

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19
Q

What is natural evil (give an example)?

A

Suffering that occurs as a result of a natural phenomenon e.g. tsunamis

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20
Q

What is moral evil (give an example)?

A

Suffering that occurs as a result of human actions e.g. murder

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21
Q

What is the problem of evil?

A

God is omnipotent, omnibenevolent and omniscient, yet evil still exists

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22
Q

Explain Mackie’s Inconsistent Triad

A

God’s omnipotence and omnibenevolence cannot coexist with evil.
Evil is known to exist, therefore, God cannot be omnipotent/omnibenevolent

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23
Q

Identify the different responses to the problem of evil (3 philosophers and 2 beliefs)

A

Augustine’s Theodicy, Irenaeus’ Theodicy, Hick’s vale of soul-making, evil/suffering as a test of faith and God’s divine plan

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24
Q

Briefly outline Augustine’s response to the problem of evil

A

Evil/suffering is the consequence of the misuse of free will by Adam and Eve - they disobeyed God by eating the forbidden fruit (The Fall) - therefore we inherited original sin

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25
Give the quote from Genesis 8:21
“the intent of a man’s heart is evil from his youth”
26
Briefly explain 2 problems with Augustine’s argument
Belief in the Fall is needed - Darwin’s theory of evolution disproves the Fall Why should the whole of humanity be responsible for 2 people’s sins (counter: Adam and Eve represent all of humanity - we would all have committed this sin)
27
Briefly outline Irenaeus’ and Hick’s response to the problem of evil
Irenaeus: God made humans imperfect by giving them free will - otherwise, God would not be loving - so people have a chance to develop through a soul-making process into children of God to receive eternal life Hick: ‘vale of soul-making’ - developed Irenaeus’ theodicy by saying that humans develop virtues which are more meaningful than if they were simply given by God
28
Briefly explain 2 problems with Irenaeus’ and Hick’s argument
Why is the suffering so extreme - e.g. Holocaust - a loving God would only allow us to suffer a small amount for the benefit of Evil can be soul breaking - some can develop depression/PTSD from events of suffering - suggesting that evil doesn’t have a positive purpose
29
Explain the view that evil is a test of faith
The Story of Job - Job was tested by God through suffering multiple times yet he remained faithful thus was greatly rewarded by God There is a reward for suffering in the end: “for our light and momentary troubles are achieving for us an eternal glory that far outweighs them all”
30
Briefly explain 2 problems with this argument of evil being a test of faith
It is not an answer as to why the suffering is so extreme God’s omniscience means that he should not have to test us
31
What does The Book of Job teach about evil and suffering?
Job was tested through his suffering on many occasions. He kept his faith in God and was rewarded back with 2x of what he lost. He learns that suffering is a part of God’s plan which is beyond human understanding
32
What does The Calming of the Storm teach about evil and suffering?
Though we face hardships in life, we should have faith that everything will be satisfactory: “Why are you afraid? Do you not have any faith?” No matter the challenges, remaining faithful to God will come with rewards
33
Give the quote from 2 Corinthians 4:17
“For our light and monetary troubles are achieving for us an eternal glory that far outweighs them all”
34
What is the Trinity?
The belief that there are 3 distinct persons in the One God
35
What is the role of the Father?
The creator and judge
36
Give a quote for each person of the trinity
Father: “Our Father in heaven” (Lord’s prayer) Son: “The Word became flesh and made his dwelling among us” Holy Spirit: enables people to be holy in their lives and gives them the Fruit of the Spirit (Galatians 5)
37
When in the Bible do all 3 persons of the Trinity come together?
During Jesus’ baptism, the heavens open and the Holy Spirit descends. A voice from the heavens says “This is my Son, whom I love; with him I am pleased” which is the Father
38
Explain the importance of the Trinity for Christians
It helps humans to understand God’s complexity to an extent, as he is transcendent, allowing Christians to understand how God connects with them and reminds Christians that God is one
39
Explain how belief in the Trinity might influence a Christian
The Trinity is often referred to during worship, therefore Christians will pray
40
Give a quote from the Nicene Creed on the Trinity
“We believe in one God” - affirms strict monotheism
41
Explain 2 problems with belief in the Trinity
The Trinity contradicts the idea of monotheism and can lead to confusion The Trinity is not explicitly said in the Bible - could be a term that was later coined by the Church which was not God’s intent
42
Briefly outline the creation story in Genesis 1
Day 1: Light and dark Day 2: Separation of sky and sea Day 3: Dry land and plants Day 4: Sun, Moon and stars Day 5: Sea and flying creatures Day 6: Land animals and human beings Day 7: Rest
43
Briefly outline the creation story in Genesis 2
God creates Adam from the dust in the ground, then creates the animals which Adam names. God creates Eve from Adam’s rib
44
Give 1 quote that can be used for a question on creation
Genesis 1: “pleased with what he saw” Genesis 2: “The Lord God formed man from the dust of the ground and breathes into his nostrils the breath of life”
45
Give a quote that shows that Jesus was present at the creation of the world
“In the beginning was the Word, and the Word was with God, and the Word was God”
46
Give a quote that shows that the Holy Spirit was present at the creation of the world
“The spirit of God was moving over the face of the waters”
47
Explain a liberal Christian’s interpretation of the creation story
They view the Bible metaphorically so they accept science and that the message of the creation story is that God is omnipotent
48
Explain a conservative Christian’s interpretation of the creation story
They believe that the Bible is the inspired word of God, but written by humans, therefore can be faulted. They view that the world was created in 6 distinct periods of times as ‘yom’ in Hebrew means a period of time - so the world wasn’t necessarily created in six 24hr days.
49
Explain a fundamentalist Christian’s interpretation of the creation story
They believe the Bible is the truth and so science is mistaken as humans have created it. They literally believe in the 6 days of creation.
50
Explain 2 reasons the creation story is important to Christians
It allows them to believe that God is omnipotent as he created the world in 6 days It enables them to believe that God is omnibenevolent as he created a beautiful world for us
51
Why do Christians believe in the afterlife?
Jesus’ resurrection shows that there is a life after death God made humans with a soul so after death, the soul will go back to God - “God gave man the breath of life” Nicene Creed - “I look forward to the resurrection of the dead and the life of the world to come”
52
Explain different Christian beliefs about the resurrection
Some Christians believe in a physical resurrection - Catholic Church: humans “will ride again with their own bodies which they now bear” Others believe in a spiritual resurrection - Church of England: St Paul (Bible) “It is raised a spiritual body”
53
Give a quote on resurrection
St Paul (Bible): “There are also heavenly bodies and there are earthly bodies” - suggests the resurrected body is different
54
Explain different Christian beliefs about judgement (faith and action)
Some Christians believe that faith is vital in order to reach heaven Other Christians believe that we are judged based on our actions
55
Give a quote that teaches that you have to have faith in order to go to heaven
“I am the way and the truth and the life, no one goes to the Father except through me”
56
Give a quote/parable that teaches that you are judged based on your actions
“What good is it my brothers if you have faith without works?” Parable of the Sheep and the Goats
57
What is personal judgement?
When you die, rather than waiting until the end of the world, you will be judged immediately
58
What is the Day of Judgement?
Jesus will come to earth again - the Second Coming - and will judge everyone else on earth
59
Outline the characteristics of heaven
A place of eternal paradise and connection with God
60
Give a quote on heaven
“the righteous to eternal life”
61
Explain the different beliefs about hell
Catholics believe that hell is a physical place of eternal ‘fire’ and separation from God seen in Michelangelo’s depiction of the last judgement in Sistine Chapel in Rome Others believe that it is only a separation from God without the traditional torment
62
Give a quote on hell
“There will be weeping and gnashing of teeth”
63
What is purgatory?
A temporary place of cleansing of one’s sin before entering heaven (Catholic only belief)
64
Which denomination in Christianity believes in purgatory?
Catholic Church
65
Explain 2 ways in which belief in the afterlife might influence a Christian
Christians will ensure that they do good Allows Christians to appreciate their only life on earth
66
Explain 2 reasons why belief in the afterlife is important to Christians
It provides them with hope and comfort in times of suffering as they will be rewarded in the afterlife They can look forward to an eternal connection with God
67
What is the incarnation?
The Christian belief that God took human form by becoming Jesus
68
Give 2 pieces of evidence from the Bible that shows that Jesus was fully God
Calming of the Storm - Jesus stops the storm, which no ordinary human can do and this signifies Jesus’ omnipotence Healing of the Paralysed Man - Jesus heals a paralysed man and forgives him for his sins which only God is able to do
69
Give 2 pieces of evidence from the Bible that shows that Jesus was fully human
Jesus was born from a human mother, Virgin Mary Jesus experienced suffering whilst being crucified on the cross
70
Why are the birth stories important to Christians?
Jesus has no human father - conceived by the Holy Spirit - fully God Fully human - born from Mary - to be relatable Jesus is a miracle - born from a virgin - so God is omnipotent
71
Explain 2 reasons why the incarnation is important to Christians
Jesus being fully human and being able to understand human suffering allows Christians to connect with God Fulfils the Old Testament prophecy that Christ would come to earth as the saviour
72
Explain 2 ways belief in the incarnation might influence Christians
Pray - Christians may pray in times of suffering as God is omnipotent and can help them find hope Follow Jesus’ teachings - the proof of Jesus being the son of God makes Christians to follow his example
73
Give a quote that can be used for a question on the incarnation
“A virgin will be with child”
74
What is the crucifixion?
The death of Jesus by being nailed to a cross
75
Outline the events leading up to the crucifixion
Thursday - Last Supper: Jesus predicts his betrayal “This is my blood which us poured out for the forgiveness of sins” (pours out wine as blood) Prays in the Garden of Gethsemane Friday - Jesus is tried and the public votes for him to die Carries the cross to Golgotha Darkness falls as Jesus dies Curtain of the Temple torn in 2
76
Briefly explain what happened when Jesus was nailed to the cross
Crucified alongside 2 criminals and he forgives them - “today you will be with me in paradise”
77
Give 2 quotes that can be used for a question on the crucifixion
“My God, My God, why have you forsaken me?” “The curtain temple was torn in 2”
78
Explain 2 reasons why the crucifixion is important for Christians
It was a sacrifice for humanity’s sins so we can be saved Jesus forgave the guards who crucified him and the criminals next to him for their sins
79
Explain 2 ways the crucifixion might influence a Christian
Christians are now able to go to heaven due to the sacrifice that Jesus made Christians can connect with God as Jesus understood human suffering on the cross
80
What is the resurrection?
Jesus rising from the dead (on Easter Sunday)
81
Briefly outline the events of the resurrection, including the differences between the Gospel accounts of the resurrection
Matthew: Women (and Mary Magdalene) go to the tomb and 1 angel appears and tells them Jesus “has been raised again as he said he would be”, they go and tell disciples Mark: Women to go the tomb and see the stone has been rolled aside, then 1 angel appears and tells them Jesus has risen and Jesus appears to Mary Magdalene and then 2 others Luke: Women to go the tomb and find stone is rolled away and body is gone, then 2 angels appears to tell them Jesus has risen. They tell disciples but are not believed and Jesus appears to 2 of them and they are no longer afraid and can touch him John: Women go to the tomb and stone is removed and go tell disciples Jesus is gone so disciples go to the tomb. Mary Magdalene remains at the tomb and 2 angels visit and ask her why she is crying, then Jesus appears so Mary tells the disciples who later see Jesus Thomas doubts that it is Jesus until shown wounds
82
Explain 2 reasons why one may doubt the resurrection?
Disagreements between the Gospels suggests lack of accuracy (e.g. no. of angels - 2 or 1) Gospels written years after Jesus’ death (Luke didn’t even know Jesus) - suggests the possibility of a theological addition from edited material
83
Explain 2 reasons why the resurrection is important to Christians
Proves that Jesus was truly the Son of God “If Christ has not been raised our preaching is useless and so it your faith” St Paul Shows a life after death “I am the way the truth and the light, those who believe in me will live, even though they die”
84
Explain 2 ways the resurrection might influence Christians
Believe in the resurrection to be able to be saved as this proves that Jesus was the saviour so they follow his example Overcoming the fear of death as there is an afterlife of eternal paradise with a connection with God
85
Give 2 quotes that can be used for a question of the resurrection
“If Christ has not been raised, our preaching is useless and so is your faith” “He has been raised again as he said he would be”
86
What is the ascension?
The event where Jesus went up to heaven 40 days after his resurrection
87
Explain 2 reasons why the ascension is important to Christians
Shows that Jesus overcame death and thus was divine and omnipotent as he lives forever Reminder of the Second Coming - Jesus will come again to judge the living and the dead
88
Give a quote that can be used for a question on the ascension
“While he was blessing them he left them and was taken up into heaven”
89
What is sin?
Any actions which goes against the Laws of God - sin separates us from God
90
What is original sin?
The tendency to sin in all human beings, believed to be inherited from Adam and Eve
91
What is salvation?
Deliverance (saved) from sin and its consequences
92
What is atonement?
The reconciliation of God and mankind
93
Explain 2 causes of sin - why sin exists
The Fall - Adam and Eve disobeying God by eating the forbidden fruit, resulting in original sin Satan tempts people to sin e.g. Satan temps Jesus
94
Explain Jesus’ role in salvation and atonement
Jesus was born without sin due to being divine Jesus took on humanity’s sins when he was crucified which led to the reconciliation of God and mankind so we can now go to heaven
95
Give a quote that shows that Jesus saved us from sin and reconciled us with God
“For God did not send his Son into the world to condemn the world, but to save the world through him”
96
What are 3 ways that one can achieve salvation
God’s Grace - Having and remaining faithful in God as salvation is a free gift from God to the faithful which cannot be earned God’s Law - Doing good actions following God’s Laws as you earn salvation by living well Holy Spirit - gives Christians the power to keep his law and can become more like God to be saved
97
Explain the belief that salvation is secured through God’s grace (include a quote)
God’s unconditional love regardless of actions Salvation is a free gift from God to the faithful and cannot be earned “For it is by grace you have been saved, through faith”
98
Explain the belief that salvation is secured through God’s Law (include a quote)
You have to be accepted by God by following his laws Idea of earning your salvation by living well “What good it it, my brothers, if someone says he has faith but does not have works?”
99
Explain the belief that salvation is secured through the Holy Spirit (include a quote)
The spirit of God gives Christians the power to keep his law Christians can become more like God and be saved “Because you are his sons, God sent the Spirit of his Son into our hearts”

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