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Citizenship gsce > Theme C > Flashcards

Theme C Flashcards

1
Q

What is a law?

A
  • A law is a set of rules that govern how we spend our everyday lives. They set out rules that people in society must follow and serve many roles
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1
Q

Give three examples of how laws affect our everyday lives

A
  • Must study English and Maths till 16
  • Cannot drive without a license
  • Must be over 18 if wanting to purchase alcohol or tobacco
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2
Q

Why are laws needed in society?

A
  • To settle disputes
  • To protect the public
  • To ensure that there’s fair treatment amongst all in society
  • To help change negative behaviour
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3
Q

Give situations in which law has had to develop in order to combat and reflect changing situations

A
  • Terrorism
  • Scientific discoveries
  • New technologies
  • Changing values
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4
Q

Give three examples of laws that provide a certain age limit

A
  • Driving
  • Sex
  • Joining the army
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5
Q

What is the age of criminal responsibility in England and Wales?

A
  • 10 years old (if u don’t know that you’re cooked)
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6
Q
  • What are some threats of the rule of law ‘access to justice’?
A
  • Cuts to the funding of legal aid
  • Closures of many courts
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7
Q

How is the legal system in Scotland and Northern Ireland different to England and Wales?

A
  • Scotland is based off of ‘Roman law’, which has different areas to UK, such as having a third option of ‘not proven’
  • NI has its own assembly, which can pass laws by itself, although some of their laws have come from UK parliament
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8
Q

What is criminal law and some examples of crime?

A
  • Laws that maintain order and protect society as a whole
  • Murder, theft, arson
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9
Q

What is civil law and some examples of disputes?

A
  • It’s purpose is to settle disputes between groups or individuals
  • Property disputes, divorce, work related disputes
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10
Q

Roles and powers of the police

A
  • Keep the public safe, by preventing, deterring and investigating crime
  • Power to stop and search, arrest and enter premises and to detain and charge people
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11
Q

Roles and powers of judges

A
  • Keeping charge and overhearing court cases, before providing a sentence by interpreting law
  • Power to apply law and give sentence, whilst also setting precedent
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12
Q

Roles and powers of magistrates

A
  • Tasked with hearing cases in Magistrates’ courts, with the help of legal advisers, before applying a sentence
  • Have the power to hear the case, before applying a sentence of transferring case over to a crown court
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13
Q

Roles and powers of solicitors and barristers

A
  • Make the legal system fair
  • Provide legal advice or act on behalf of their client when in court
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14
Q

Roles and responsibilities of jurors

A
  • They are people who sit and observe a court case, before deciding on the outcome of the defendant
  • They are randomly selected, before serving and making a verdict
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15
Q

Roles and responsibilities of members of a tribunal hearing

A
  • Sit as a panel, observing the hearing before deciding on an outcome, often fines or compensation
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16
Q

What are the benefits of involving citizens in a hearing?

A
  • Practical beliefs (cost efficient and get experienced people from all walks of life)
  • Theoretical beliefs (includes links with democracy and using them to represent the community)
17
Q

What are the three rights you have on arrest?

A
  • Right to know reason of arrest
  • Right to inform someone about your arrest
  • Right to see a solicitor
18
Q

What is a magistrate court?

A
  • A type of court used in criminal cases, which are often less serious- known as summary offences
19
Q

How do magistrate courts operate?

A
  • 3 magistrates hear each case, usually volunteers
  • With the help of a legal advisor, they will make a verdict of up to 6 months in prison and unlimited fines
  • If they decision is appealed, case will go to a crown court
20
Q

What are crown courts?

A
  • Used for more serious- indictable- offences
  • Require a judge and jury
21
Q

How do crown courts operate?

A
  • A judge oversees the proceeding
  • A group of 12 jurors will decide on a verdict of whether the defendant is guilty or not
  • The judge will decide on a sentence
  • If appealed, may go to the high court
22
Q

What are county courts?

A
  • Used for civil disputes such as property disputes and compensation
  • Cases may be dealt with online, or an out-of-court settlement reached
23
Q

What are high courts and how are they used?

A
  • Another type of civil court, with three main divisions
  • Queen’s bench: deals with civil wrongs and property disputes
  • Family: deals with family and custody disputes
  • Chancery: deals with disputes in land, law and mortgages
24
Q

What are tribunals?

A
  • Another judicial system, used to resolve civil cases outside of court
  • May be done as it’s cheaper, faster and attracts less attention
25
Q

How do tribunals work?

A
  • Cases heard by a panel of three members: the chair having legal training and the others are experts in a field
  • Cases heard, before a decision and verdict made later in the day
26
Q

What is mediation?

A
  • When an impartial third-party is used s=to settle civil disputes- may be over a phone
27
Q

What is an ombudsman?

A
  • Someone appointed within a company to look into cases against the organisation, without the issue having to be taken to court
28
Q

In what ways is the youth court system different to that for adults?

A
  • Can be accompanied by an adult
  • Are called by their first name
  • Punishments are less severe, with prison not being an option
  • No jury
29
Q

What are the main community sentences for youths?

A
  • Referral orders= youth agrees to a programme of work, to address behaviours with local justice workers
  • Reparation orders= youth agrees to repair the damage he has done
  • Youth rehabilitation orders- courts decides on a 3-year rehabilitation to help the youth eg: curfew
30
Q

What are three factors affecting crime rate in society?

A
  • Poverty
  • Drug influence
  • Age of population
31
Q

Why may people be unwilling to report a crime?

A
  • Time consuming
  • Lack of trust in the police
  • Afraid of criminal taking revenge
32
Q

What are some reasons for re-offending

A
  • Prison provides better food and healthcare and shelter
  • Funding a drug addiction
  • Learn tricks from people in prison, which allows them to carry out further crime
33
Q

What is prevention and some examples?

A
  • Stopping crime from happening by removing the cause for offence
  • Examples include an increase in policing and the provision of higher levels of education
34
Q

What is protection and some examples?

A
  • Reducing crimes through measures of protection
  • Examples include increasing CCTV and more street lighting
35
Q

What is punishment and some examples?

A
  • Involves deterring crime by causing there to be a sense of fear for the criminal
  • May involve prison time or fines
36
Q

What are some advantages and disadvantages of deterrence?

A

-Adv: fear prevents potential offenders, aimed at the entire population
- Disadv: Prison numbers keep increasing

37
Q

What are some advantages and disadvantages of rehabilitation?

A
  • Adv: Reforming offenders motivated to re-integrate into society, takes the specific needs into account
  • Disadv: re-offending rates are still high
38
Q

What are some advantages and disadvantages of retribution?

A
  • Adv: offenders deserve to be punished, keeps the streets safe
  • Disadv: may have the opposite effect and result in higher re-offending rates
39
Q

What are some advantages and disadvantages of restorative justice?

A
  • Adv: fair that offenders give something back
  • Disadv: May be deemed that punishment is not severe enough

Citizenship gsce (4 decks)

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