Theme A Flashcards
How is the UK population changing in terms of age?
How might this have an impact?
- The UK population is ageing with more a higher percentage of people 65+ than ever before
- This is due to factors such as improved healthcare and better nutrition
- May result in increased demands on NHS; increase in age-related conditions; and more pressure on social care.
How is the UK population changing in terms of ethnicity?
- UK is becoming more diverse, with lower % identifying as white and more people identifying as Black or Asian
How is the UK population changing in terms of religion?
- Decrease in those identifying as Christian, though still a majority
- Islam being the second largest religion
- An increase in the number of people identifying as non-religious
How is the UK changing in terms of disability?
- Over 11 million people live with a disability
- Over 45% of people in retirement age are classed as disabled
Name three push factors of migration
- War or conflict
- Natural disaster
- Corrupt or repressive Government
Name three pull factors of migration
- Work opportunities
- Better standard of living
- Protection of human rights
What are economic migrants?
- People who move form country to another for economic opportunities such as work
What are refugees?
- People who are outside their home country due to fear of persecution or are in danger
What are asylum seekers?
- People who have left their home country due to fear of persecution and are seeking asylum elsewhere.
Why is the UK obliged to accept asylum seekers?
- Passed a law of the ‘Human Rights Act’ 1998, which means the UK is binded by law to protect the rights of others- such as the right to life.
List two benefits of migration to people living in the UK.
- Economic migrants pay tax, shop, have jobs, which helps the economy to grow
- Migrants have specialist skills such as Doctors, that can help to fill in areas of shortage.
List two negatives of migration for people in the UK.
- Population increase puts pressure and demand on the NHS and housing
- May result in social tension and support in extremist groups
Why are many immigrants from the commonwealth?
- Share elements of British culture, language and values
- Shared history creates a common identity
- UK appealed to members to fill job shortages after WW”2
List three times a large group of people have moved to the UK
- Windrush (1948-71)
- Irish immigrants (1951-61)
- Eastern Europeans (2004)
What is mutual respect and why is it necessary?
- Shared respect between people for their different views and lifestyle
- Important so other’s values are understood and there is social cohesion
What are some examples and effects of inequality in UK society?
- Gender pay gap-> meaning that men and women are payed differently for carrying out the same job
- Religious discrimination-> some work places not accommodating religious customs (such as having a prayer room)
What is the role of the Equality Act 2010?
- Introduced to legally bind all the different discrimination acts such as Race Relations Act 1976
- Protects discrimination of the 9 protected characteristics and protects people in different establishments
What are the 9 protected characteristics of the Equality Act 2010?
- Age
- Race
- Religion
- Sex
- Pregnancy
- Disability
- Marital status
- Sexual orientation
- gender reassignment
What is mutual understanding and some ways in which it is encouraged?
- Understanding and accepting the different beliefs and values of others
- Encouraged through school and different cultural and community projects such as festivals
How do schools play a role in mutual understanding?
- Compulsory citizenship and RE lessons
- Cultural days and events
- Learning about religious festivals
What is diversity, integration and community cohesion?
- Diversity: Being part of a community containing people from a range of different identities
- Integration: Bringing together and celebrating the identities of different communities
- Community cohesion: creating integrated communities
What are three ways in which someone’s identity might be defined?
- Religion
- Hobbies/interests
- Nation
What is multiple identities and give an example?
- When people believe they fall under being part of more than one identity
- For example, being Muslim, whilst also being interested in football
What are some identity debates in regards to the different UK nations?
- Some people may identify with their nation or region whereas others may feel as though they are just from the UK as a whole
- Each nation has specific things such as language, clothing and food that makes up their unique culture
What are human rights and some examples?
- Human rights involve rights that were introduced by United Nations in 1948 following WW2, and are put into law by individual countries
- Examples include the right to life, the right to education and the right to freedom of speech
What are moral rights and some examples?
- Generally accepted standards that the majority adhere to, although they are not actually laws
- Some examples include lying, cheating and wasting work time
What are qualified rights and some examples?
- These are rights that may be restricted for the greater good or to protect others
- Examples include how suspected terrorists can be detained for up to 14 days (going against right liberty); or how you can be punished for saying extremist and racist remarks (right to free speech)
What are legal rights and some examples?
- These are rights that are created, enforced and protected by the Government
- Once a legislation has been passed through Parliament, it is called an Act
- Examples include consumer and employment laws
What is employment law and some examples?
- These are laws that have been put in place to protect the rights of workers and avoid conflict at work
- Some examples include the minimum wage and the Human Rights Act 2010
What is consumer law and some examples?
- These are laws that protect the rights of a customer
- The Consumer Rights Act 2015: goods should be as advertised and fit for purpose; services should be undertaken with care and skill; customers can expect a refund or repeat of service if unreasonable
What are political rights and democratic values?
- Political rights are the rights that allow and involve citizens participating in politics within the UK
- Democratic values are the fundamentals that make the UK a democratic nation. They involve things such as the UK being a representative democracy, and free and fair elections.
What are some examples of political rights for adults?
- Right to vote in general elections for an MP to represent you
- Right to vote in referendums, for one-off decisions
- To stand for election as an MP
What are some political rights and responsibilities for all citizens?
- Rights: lobby a member of Parliament, form a pressure group, start a petition
- Responsibilities: vote to hold Governments to account, protest legally, use freedom of speech without offending others
What makes up the rule of law?
- Equality before the law
- Innocent until proven guilty
- Access to justice
What is the Magna Carter and why did it come about?
- A charter signed by King John in 1215, serving as the first step to democracy in the UK today
- Came about due to: over taxation, interference with the Church and lack of communication between King and barons
What are some ways in which the Magna Carter influenced rights today?
- (In Magna): King couldn’t demand taxes without Baron agreement=(Today): limitations to taxation for citizens
- (In Magna): Everyone was subject to the law=(Today): Equality before the law
- (In Magna): Free men couldn’t be imprisoned without a fair trial=(Today): Innocent until proven guilty
Difference between local councillors and local officers
- Local councillors are elected by the public, responsible for representing their ward and responding to public needs
- Local officers are employed to work for the council and responsible for the more detailed decisions into what takes place
List three roles carried out by the local council
- Waste collection
-Housing and planning - Schools
List the 4 different types of tax
- Council tax
- Business rates
- Central Government grants
- Charges and fees
What is council tax?
- Money collected by district authorities, used to fund local services
- The amount you pay is based off of your home’s value
What is business rates tax?
- Tax payed by businesses that go to 50% local council and 50% the central government
- Central government can then hand it out to councils as grants
What is central Government grants?
- This is when the central government provide donations/grants to the local councils, which can then be used to carry out services
What is tax from charges and fees?
- This is when councils can make money from things like parking fees or admissions to leisure centres
