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Citizenship gsce > Theme A > Flashcards

Theme A Flashcards

1
Q

How is the UK population changing in terms of age?
How might this have an impact?

A
  • The UK population is ageing with more a higher percentage of people 65+ than ever before
  • This is due to factors such as improved healthcare and better nutrition
  • May result in increased demands on NHS; increase in age-related conditions; and more pressure on social care.
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2
Q

How is the UK population changing in terms of ethnicity?

A
  • UK is becoming more diverse, with lower % identifying as white and more people identifying as Black or Asian
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3
Q

How is the UK population changing in terms of religion?

A
  • Decrease in those identifying as Christian, though still a majority
  • Islam being the second largest religion
  • An increase in the number of people identifying as non-religious
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4
Q

How is the UK changing in terms of disability?

A
  • Over 11 million people live with a disability
  • Over 45% of people in retirement age are classed as disabled
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5
Q

Name three push factors of migration

A
  • War or conflict
  • Natural disaster
  • Corrupt or repressive Government
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6
Q

Name three pull factors of migration

A
  • Work opportunities
  • Better standard of living
  • Protection of human rights
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7
Q

What are economic migrants?

A
  • People who move form country to another for economic opportunities such as work
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8
Q

What are refugees?

A
  • People who are outside their home country due to fear of persecution or are in danger
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9
Q

What are asylum seekers?

A
  • People who have left their home country due to fear of persecution and are seeking asylum elsewhere.
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10
Q

Why is the UK obliged to accept asylum seekers?

A
  • Passed a law of the ‘Human Rights Act’ 1998, which means the UK is binded by law to protect the rights of others- such as the right to life.
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11
Q

List two benefits of migration to people living in the UK.

A
  • Economic migrants pay tax, shop, have jobs, which helps the economy to grow
  • Migrants have specialist skills such as Doctors, that can help to fill in areas of shortage.
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12
Q

List two negatives of migration for people in the UK.

A
  • Population increase puts pressure and demand on the NHS and housing
  • May result in social tension and support in extremist groups
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13
Q

Why are many immigrants from the commonwealth?

A
  • Share elements of British culture, language and values
  • Shared history creates a common identity
  • UK appealed to members to fill job shortages after WW”2
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14
Q

List three times a large group of people have moved to the UK

A
  • Windrush (1948-71)
  • Irish immigrants (1951-61)
  • Eastern Europeans (2004)
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15
Q

What is mutual respect and why is it necessary?

A
  • Shared respect between people for their different views and lifestyle
  • Important so other’s values are understood and there is social cohesion
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16
Q

What are some examples and effects of inequality in UK society?

A
  • Gender pay gap-> meaning that men and women are payed differently for carrying out the same job
  • Religious discrimination-> some work places not accommodating religious customs (such as having a prayer room)
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17
Q

What is the role of the Equality Act 2010?

A
  • Introduced to legally bind all the different discrimination acts such as Race Relations Act 1976
  • Protects discrimination of the 9 protected characteristics and protects people in different establishments
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18
Q

What are the 9 protected characteristics of the Equality Act 2010?

A
  • Age
  • Race
  • Religion
  • Sex
  • Pregnancy
  • Disability
  • Marital status
  • Sexual orientation
  • gender reassignment
19
Q

What is mutual understanding and some ways in which it is encouraged?

A
  • Understanding and accepting the different beliefs and values of others
  • Encouraged through school and different cultural and community projects such as festivals
20
Q

How do schools play a role in mutual understanding?

A
  • Compulsory citizenship and RE lessons
  • Cultural days and events
  • Learning about religious festivals
21
Q

What is diversity, integration and community cohesion?

A
  • Diversity: Being part of a community containing people from a range of different identities
  • Integration: Bringing together and celebrating the identities of different communities
  • Community cohesion: creating integrated communities
22
Q

What are three ways in which someone’s identity might be defined?

A
  • Religion
  • Hobbies/interests
  • Nation
23
Q

What is multiple identities and give an example?

A
  • When people believe they fall under being part of more than one identity
  • For example, being Muslim, whilst also being interested in football
24
Q

What are some identity debates in regards to the different UK nations?

A
  • Some people may identify with their nation or region whereas others may feel as though they are just from the UK as a whole
  • Each nation has specific things such as language, clothing and food that makes up their unique culture
25
Q

What are human rights and some examples?

A
  • Human rights involve rights that were introduced by United Nations in 1948 following WW2, and are put into law by individual countries
  • Examples include the right to life, the right to education and the right to freedom of speech
26
Q

What are moral rights and some examples?

A
  • Generally accepted standards that the majority adhere to, although they are not actually laws
  • Some examples include lying, cheating and wasting work time
27
Q

What are qualified rights and some examples?

A
  • These are rights that may be restricted for the greater good or to protect others
  • Examples include how suspected terrorists can be detained for up to 14 days (going against right liberty); or how you can be punished for saying extremist and racist remarks (right to free speech)
28
Q

What are legal rights and some examples?

A
  • These are rights that are created, enforced and protected by the Government
  • Once a legislation has been passed through Parliament, it is called an Act
  • Examples include consumer and employment laws
29
Q

What is employment law and some examples?

A
  • These are laws that have been put in place to protect the rights of workers and avoid conflict at work
  • Some examples include the minimum wage and the Human Rights Act 2010
30
Q

What is consumer law and some examples?

A
  • These are laws that protect the rights of a customer
  • The Consumer Rights Act 2015: goods should be as advertised and fit for purpose; services should be undertaken with care and skill; customers can expect a refund or repeat of service if unreasonable
31
Q

What are political rights and democratic values?

A
  • Political rights are the rights that allow and involve citizens participating in politics within the UK
  • Democratic values are the fundamentals that make the UK a democratic nation. They involve things such as the UK being a representative democracy, and free and fair elections.
32
Q

What are some examples of political rights for adults?

A
  • Right to vote in general elections for an MP to represent you
  • Right to vote in referendums, for one-off decisions
  • To stand for election as an MP
33
Q

What are some political rights and responsibilities for all citizens?

A
  • Rights: lobby a member of Parliament, form a pressure group, start a petition
  • Responsibilities: vote to hold Governments to account, protest legally, use freedom of speech without offending others
34
Q

What makes up the rule of law?

A
  • Equality before the law
  • Innocent until proven guilty
  • Access to justice
35
Q

What is the Magna Carter and why did it come about?

A
  • A charter signed by King John in 1215, serving as the first step to democracy in the UK today
  • Came about due to: over taxation, interference with the Church and lack of communication between King and barons
36
Q

What are some ways in which the Magna Carter influenced rights today?

A
  • (In Magna): King couldn’t demand taxes without Baron agreement=(Today): limitations to taxation for citizens
  • (In Magna): Everyone was subject to the law=(Today): Equality before the law
  • (In Magna): Free men couldn’t be imprisoned without a fair trial=(Today): Innocent until proven guilty
37
Q

Difference between local councillors and local officers

A
  • Local councillors are elected by the public, responsible for representing their ward and responding to public needs
  • Local officers are employed to work for the council and responsible for the more detailed decisions into what takes place
38
Q

List three roles carried out by the local council

A
  • Waste collection
    -Housing and planning
  • Schools
39
Q

List the 4 different types of tax

A
  • Council tax
  • Business rates
  • Central Government grants
  • Charges and fees
40
Q

What is council tax?

A
  • Money collected by district authorities, used to fund local services
  • The amount you pay is based off of your home’s value
41
Q

What is business rates tax?

A
  • Tax payed by businesses that go to 50% local council and 50% the central government
  • Central government can then hand it out to councils as grants
42
Q

What is central Government grants?

A
  • This is when the central government provide donations/grants to the local councils, which can then be used to carry out services
43
Q

What is tax from charges and fees?

A
  • This is when councils can make money from things like parking fees or admissions to leisure centres

Citizenship gsce (4 decks)

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