Theme 7: Social Development Issues Flashcards
What are some ways to measure social development? (7)
people per doctor life expectancy literacy rate avg food consumption number of homeless people infant mortality rate number of deaths from poor sanitation/ unsafe water
What are some social indicators of gender equality? (5)
male + female literacy rates fertility rate male + female life expectancy employment type male and female food consumption
What does GII stand for? Define it.
Gender Inequality Index. A measurement of gender disparity
Define Social Development
A measure of how well a society is changing for the better
define life expectancy
the average age a person is expected to live in a population
define literacy rate
the percentage of people who can read and write
define infant mortality rate
the number of babies per 1000 live births who die under the age of one
define fertility rate
the avg number of births to a woman in her lifetime
Which three key aspects of human development are measured by the GII?
- Health (Reproductive)
- Wealth (Economic)
- Empowerment
which two variables make up the female reproductive health index?
maternal mortality rate + adolescent birth rate
which two variables make up the female empowerment index and the male empowerment index?
female and male population with at least secondary education
female and male shares of parliamentary seats
which variable makes up the male/female labour market index?
female and male labour force participation rates
two indices combine to form the GII. what are the two indices called?
male gender index
female gender index
define GDP and state what it stands for
gross domestic product: the total value of goods and services produced in a country in a year
what are variables?
factors that can change and influence the outcome
what is the continuum of social development?
a way of thinking about social development as a continuous process that does not have an end point 🛣
define the development gap
the gap that exists in the measurement of development between the world’s richest and poorest countries
What does HDI stand for? Define it. Which variables are taken into account?
Human Development Index
- a measure of the development in a country, taking into account GNI per capita, literacy rate, length of education and average life expectancy.
what does GNI stand for? define it
Gross National Income per capita: The avg income in a country per person
why should you think of the development gap as always changing?
changes happen in:
- money,
- vaccinations and healthcare,
- employment structure
- laws
what indicators are used to view the health of country or the state of the main health service provided within a country? (5)
avg life expectancy
infant mortality rate
% of GDP spent on healthcare
length of hospital waiting lists and waiting times
mortality rate of specific diseases eg. cancer, heart disease
Name the 4 component indicators of the HDI.
Avg length of schooling (years)
Literacy rate
GNI per capita
Life expectancy
population growth depends on the balance between which two rates?
death rate
birth rate
state whether the factor is political, economic or social and whether it would lead to higher/ lower birth rate: children provide labour on farms and security for old age
economic factor leading to higher birth rate
state whether the factor is political, economic or social and whether it would lead to higher/ lower birth rate: people tend to marry later … have reduced childbearing years
social factor leading to lower birth rate
state whether the factor is political, economic or social and whether it would lead to higher/ lower birth rate: large families are seen as a sign of virility
social factor leading to higher birth rates
state whether the factor is political, economic or social and whether it would lead to higher/ lower birth rate: women are educated and pursue careers which delay/ prevent them from having families
political factor leading to lower birth rate
state whether the factor is political, economic or social and whether it would lead to higher/ lower birth rate: girls may marry early and therefore extend their child-bearing years
social factor leading to higher birth rate
state whether the factor is political, economic or social and whether it would lead to higher/ lower birth rate: higher cost of living means it’s more expensive to raise children
economic factor leading to lower birth rate
state whether the factor is political, economic or social and whether it would lead to higher/ lower birth rate: women may lack education and stay at home to raise a family rather than work
social factor leading to higher birth rate
state whether the factor is political, economic or social and whether it would lead to higher/ lower birth rate: couples prefer to spend money on materialistic things such as holidays/ cars
economic factor leading to lower birth rate
state whether the factor is political, economic or social and whether it would lead to higher/ lower birth rate: a high infant mortality rate encourages larger families to ensure survival of some children
social factor leading to higher birth rate
state whether the factor is political, economic or social and whether it would lead to higher/ lower birth rate: birth control is readily available
political factor leading to lower birth rates
state whether the factor is political or social and whether it would lead to higher/ lower death rate: HIV, Ebola and other diseases difficult to control are having an impact in LICs
social factor that leads to higher death rate
state whether the factor is political or social and whether it would lead to higher/ lower death rate: better healthcare and vaccination programmes are more available to people
political factor leading to lower death rate
state whether the factor is political or social and whether it would lead to higher/ lower death rate: less physically demanding jobs put less stress on people physically
social factor leading to lower death rate
state whether the factor is political or social and whether it would lead to higher/ lower death rate: people are educated about health and hygiene
political factor leading to lower death rate
