Theme 2: Rural-Urban Links Flashcards
how is population change measured?
population change is the difference between birth and death rate.
the population trends in recent history in the uk
UK population increased slowly until around 1800.
An increase in life expectancy, improved food supplies and clean water led to rapid population growth during the 1800s.
Falling birth rates, due to changing social attitudes and the emancipation of women, led to a slowing of population growth in the 1900s.
Since the 1950s, access to contraception and modern medicines have helped keep birth rates and death rates low and as a result population growth has been low.
why are birth rates low in the uk?
- women are marrying later and delaying starting a family due to career building
- the high cost of living makes bringing up children expensive
- couples may prefer to spend money on things such as holidays and cars
- birth control and the contraceptive pill are easily available
why are death rates slow in the uk?
- health care is modern and widely available, provided free by the NHS
- people have less physically-demanding jobs
modern medicines treat many diseases - people are better educated about health and hygiene
- higher incomes enable people to eat a healthy diet and have good living conditions
what are population pyramids?
they measure the size and age of a population.
population in wales in 2011
In 2011, a national census was taken which showed that the population in Wales was 3.06 million. This was the largest the population had ever been.
There were 1.50 million males and 1.56 million females in Wales.
what percent of pop increase was migration responsible for between 2001 and 2011
90%
define rural
an area of countryside chartacterised by wide open spaces
define urban
a built-up environment where lots of people live
define population density
the avg number of people per km2
usually expressed as densely/sparsely populated
define rural-urban continuum
a continuum along which all settlements are placed.
eg. hamlet-> town-> city
which services is a small village likely to provide?
post office small shop pub bus stop church
which services is a city likely to provide?
shopping centres with many chain stores
entertainment centres like cinemas/theatres
variety of restaurants
range of medical facilities incl. a hospital
define sphere of influence
a region within which an urban area provides an important economic and social influence
define sphere of influence
a region within which an urban area provides an important economic and social influence
what things can contribute to an urban sphere of influence’s strength?
infrastructure and transport links
distance from urban to rural settlements
size of the urban area
i couldnt find our case study of urban spheres of influence we had done :( here’s lvpl and glyn ceiriog. name some facts about them
lvpl- big city
glyn ceiriog- small village
there are few services in glyn ceiriog (pharmacy, GP’s surgery, 2 places of worship, hotel + pub)
they may depend on lvpl for healthcare, shopping and maybe
define counter-urbanisation
the movement of people out of towns and cities to rural areas
how can housing cause counter-urbanisation?
type and style of housing people want is more available and affordable in rural areas
how can family status result in counter-urbanisation?
with increased income/ family size, people may look for larger properties in rural locations
how can transport result in counter-urbanisation?
improved road and rail links/increase in car ownership makes it easier for people to live in a rural location and travel to work
how can employment result in counter-urbanisation?
decline of industry located in central urban areas
increase of industry in the rural-urban fringe improves access from rural locations
what social factors can result in counter-urbanisation?
low crime rate and good schools are pull factors for the rural areas
what environmental factors could result in counter-urbanisation?
increased noise and air pollution in cities cause people to look for cleaner places to live
is the uk experienceing counter-urbanisation or urbanisation?
counter-urbanisation
how does counter-urbanisation impact house prices in rural areas?
they’re increased due to higher demand
how does counter-urbanisation impact the prevalence of traditional services in rural areas?
decrease in traditional services as newcomers may shop elsewhere (maybe they’re commuters), increase in non-traditional services like a creche (a nursery for kids during the working day)
how does counter-urbanisation impact the amount of people in the village in the daytime?
fewer people
pollution in rural areas and children in rural schools? how does counter-urbanisation impact them?
increase
how does counter-urbanisation impact ‘villager identity’?
can cause a loss if villagers don’t work in the village
what is a commuter?
someone who travels for work
why do people commute to cities like london or cardiff?
more jobs
would this factor lead to an increase or a decrease in commuting: cities have more job opportunities
increase