Theme 5: Development and Resource Issues Flashcards
What are 2 ways to measure the economic development of a country?
The GDP - gross domestic product
The GNI - gross national income
How does trade differ between HICs and LICs?
HICs - sell expensive products (crude oil)
LICs - sell cheap products (coffee beans)
What are the 3 types of development?
Economic
Social
Political
What are tariffs?
Taxes on imports - make foreign goods more expensive for the consumer.
Why do LICs stay in poverty?
Earn little from the cheap products.
Must import expensive products.
What are trade blocs?
A group of countries who have joined together to trade without barriers such as tariffs.
Cheaper and increased exports.
(EU)
What is mass tourism?
Lots of people visit the same place at the same time.
What are 4 reasons why tourism has increased?
- Improved transport - airlines
- Booking is easier - internet
- Longer life expectancies - more travel time
- Increase in disposable income
What is enclave tourism?
Tourists remain in one area which is easier as everything is provided in one spot.
What are 2 problems of enclave tourism?
- Less money to local economy
2. Money spent in enclaved area goes to HIC companies
What are 2 pros of tourism?
- More jobs - more money spent on local economy
2. More money from workers - taxes go to education + healthcare
What are 3 cons of tourism?
- Jobs are seasonal - Lack of employment/money for several months
- Local culture destroyed
- Increased pollution
What is aid?
Money and resources being given by a wealthy country to a poorer country.
What is short-term aid?
Commonly emergency aid (in natural disasters).
What is long-term aid?
Given over long period of time (to develop the country).
What is bilateral aid?
Aid from one country to another.
What is multilateral aid?
Aid from a number of countries to a poorer country.
What is charitable aid?
Aid given by charities (Oxfam).
What are 3 advantages of all aid?
Provides immediate help
Supports development of new jobs - helps economy
Long-term can improve quality of life
What is a 3 disadvantages to all aid?
Creates dependency on HICs
Focuses only on urban areas
Some aid may not reach those who need it
What is a bottom-up case study?
Malawi
Bilateral and long-term aid from Japan.
Soil erosion - lack of crops + deforestation=flooding.
They -
-Build barriers to slow water flow
-Supplied fast-growing trees - protect soil
-Educate locals on soil erosion
What is the fair trade program?
Designed to ensure farmers/producers in LIC/NICs are given a guaranteed fair income.
What are 3 benefits of fair trade?
Consistent wages
Prevents child labour
Provides improvement to local area
What is regional inequality?
A difference in the standards of living and opportunities for work between regions
What are 3 consequences of regional inequality?
Protests
Growth of extremist movements
Crime increases
What is the UK’s regional inequality?
The North and South.
What are 2 social factors of regional inequality in the UK?
More universities in South - more educated workers
More people and commuters near London - businesses set up there
What is a economic factors to the UK’s regional inequality?
Good access to Europe in the South - easy trades
What is a political factors to the UK’s regional inequality?
More HQs in south - more crucial decisions made here
What are 4 consequences of the UK’s divide?
Health conditions poor in North
Life expectancy lower in North
House prices higher in South
Migration of the young from North-South (because of Unis)
What are 3 national policies that try to reduce regional inequality in the UK?
Northern powerhouse proposal - used to attract more investors and jobs to North
Improving transport links - HS2
Relocation of major businesses
What is an enterprise zone?
An area of a city in need of investment.
What happens to companies which move to enterprise zones?
They pay less tax and receive additional help from government.
