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Geography GCSE > Theme 2: Rural Urban Links > Flashcards

Theme 2: Rural Urban Links Flashcards

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1
Q

What is the rural urban continuum (small to large)?

A

Isolated farm house, hamlet, village, sub-urbanised village, town, large urban area, city, mega city.

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2
Q

What is a sphere of influence?

A

The larger area (city) that people commute to for services.

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3
Q

Why do cities have large sphere of influences?

A

They have more services, attractions and job opportunities than smaller areas like villages.

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4
Q

What is counter-urbanisation?

A

The movement of people from an urban to rural area.

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5
Q

What are 5 pull factors of rural areas?

A 
Safer
Quieter 
More wildlife
Larger homes 
Improved wifi and transport for commuters
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6
Q

What are 4 impacts of counter-urbanisation on rural areas?

A

House prices will increase
Services may go out of business due to commuters
Increase in cars, more pollution
Rural schools become overwhelmed with population increase

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7
Q

How are rural locations changing?

A

The number of services are decreasing due to cities being close and commuters using their advanced services.

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8
Q

What is rural deprivation?

A

When an area has a lack of the services needed for a reasonable standard of living.

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9
Q

What is the negative multiplier effect in rural deprevation?

A

One factor has a knock-on negative effect.
Lack of jobs=people move.
Less people=less services
Less services=loss of jobs

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10
Q

What is Eagan’s wheel?

A

A criteria that outlines what creates a sustainable community.

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11
Q

What are the 3 social factors of a sustainable community?

A

Equity, Inclusive (active), Safe.

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12
Q

What are 3 economical factors of a sustainable community?

A

Jobs, services, transport links.

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13
Q

What is the environmental factor of a sustainable community?

A

Reducing the negative impact on the environment (renewable energy).

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14
Q

What 5 factors make rural communities sustainable?

A 
Transport links
Jobs
Education
Healthcare
Renewable energy
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15
Q

What are the 3 social factors that contribute to UK population change?

A

Universal healthcare
Culture - shorter fertility period, less children
Contraceptives

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16
Q

What are 2 economic factors of the UK’s population change?

A

Cost of a family

Maternity pay

17
Q

What are 2 political factors of the UK’s population change?

A

Migration

Vaccination

18
Q

What is net migration?

A

The number of people who have entered the country - the ones that have left.

19
Q

What is natural population change?

A

The number of births and deaths.

20
Q

What are 4 factors for why people move to the UK?

A

Availability of jobs, good wages
Stable, democratic society
Healthcare
Good education

21
Q

What are 6 impacts of migration?

A 
Dangerous low paid jobs filled
More young adults paying taxes 
Pressure on schools to provide for non-english speakers
More diverse culture
House prices increase
Increase in birth rate
22
Q

What are 3 opportunities of an ageing population?

A

Grandparents can help with childcare
Retired volunteers
Contribute to the economy via spending possible disposable income

23
Q

What are 4 challenges of an ageing population?

A

Strain on NHS/healthcare
Pensioners do not work. shrinking the workforce
Pensions must be paid for longer
More workers in care homes, reducing workers in other job industries

24
Q

What is a greenfield site?

A

An area of land that has not been built on before.

25
Q

What is a brownfield site?

A

An area of land that has been built on before.

26
Q

What are 4 positives of greenfield sites?

A

Cheap to develop
Greener area
Quicker to build new housing
Layout not hampered by old buildings

27
Q

What are 3 negatives of greenfield sites?

A

Impacts wildlife
Increase in pollution
Valuable (farmland/recreational) land lost

28
Q

What are 4 positives of brownfield sites?

A

Helps rejuvenate abandoned areas
Reduces loss of countryside
Services already in place (like water/gas/sewage/electricity)
Often near cities (areas of employment

29
Q

What are 4 negatives of brownfield sites?

A

Surrounding area may be unattractive
May cost a lot to clean up if area is polluted/toxic
Old buildings may be demolished
May lack modern transport infrastructure, costs a lot to develop

30
Q

What are convenience goods?

A

Necessities that are bought frequently (like bread and milk).

31
Q

What are comparison goods?

A

Bought less frequently, more expensive items like household appliances.

32
Q

What are 3 positives of out of town shopping centres?

A

Free, large parking
More space for larger stores
Land cheaper to build on

33
Q

What are 3 negatives of out of town shopping centres?

A

Only big chain stores
Encourages urbanisation in rural areas
Attracts shoppers from city centre and high street shops

34
Q

What are 3 positives of internet shopping?

A

More convenient + cheaper
Traffic in cities reduced
More jobs for delivery drivers

35
Q

What are 3 negatives of internet shopping?

A

Not everyone has access to internet
More vulnerable to financial fraud
Items may not be as expected

36
Q

What is causing the decline in UK high streets?

A

Internet shopping and out of town shopping centres becoming more popular

37
Q

What do high streets have that bigger shopping centres don’t have?

A

Independent and unique shops.

38
Q

How are UK high streets bringing people back?

A

Better transport links
Pedestrianising streets
Improved CCTV - safer

Geography GCSE (6 decks)

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