Theme 2: Rural Urban Links Flashcards

1
Q

What is the rural urban continuum (small to large)?

A

Isolated farm house, hamlet, village, sub-urbanised village, town, large urban area, city, mega city.

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2
Q

What is a sphere of influence?

A

The larger area (city) that people commute to for services.

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3
Q

Why do cities have large sphere of influences?

A

They have more services, attractions and job opportunities than smaller areas like villages.

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4
Q

What is counter-urbanisation?

A

The movement of people from an urban to rural area.

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5
Q

What are 5 pull factors of rural areas?

A
Safer
Quieter 
More wildlife
Larger homes 
Improved wifi and transport for commuters
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6
Q

What are 4 impacts of counter-urbanisation on rural areas?

A

House prices will increase
Services may go out of business due to commuters
Increase in cars, more pollution
Rural schools become overwhelmed with population increase

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7
Q

How are rural locations changing?

A

The number of services are decreasing due to cities being close and commuters using their advanced services.

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8
Q

What is rural deprivation?

A

When an area has a lack of the services needed for a reasonable standard of living.

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9
Q

What is the negative multiplier effect in rural deprevation?

A

One factor has a knock-on negative effect.
Lack of jobs=people move.
Less people=less services
Less services=loss of jobs

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10
Q

What is Eagan’s wheel?

A

A criteria that outlines what creates a sustainable community.

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11
Q

What are the 3 social factors of a sustainable community?

A

Equity, Inclusive (active), Safe.

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12
Q

What are 3 economical factors of a sustainable community?

A

Jobs, services, transport links.

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13
Q

What is the environmental factor of a sustainable community?

A

Reducing the negative impact on the environment (renewable energy).

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14
Q

What 5 factors make rural communities sustainable?

A
Transport links
Jobs
Education
Healthcare
Renewable energy
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15
Q

What are the 3 social factors that contribute to UK population change?

A

Universal healthcare
Culture - shorter fertility period, less children
Contraceptives

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16
Q

What are 2 economic factors of the UK’s population change?

A

Cost of a family

Maternity pay

17
Q

What are 2 political factors of the UK’s population change?

A

Migration

Vaccination

18
Q

What is net migration?

A

The number of people who have entered the country - the ones that have left.

19
Q

What is natural population change?

A

The number of births and deaths.

20
Q

What are 4 factors for why people move to the UK?

A

Availability of jobs, good wages
Stable, democratic society
Healthcare
Good education

21
Q

What are 6 impacts of migration?

A
Dangerous low paid jobs filled
More young adults paying taxes 
Pressure on schools to provide for non-english speakers
More diverse culture
House prices increase
Increase in birth rate
22
Q

What are 3 opportunities of an ageing population?

A

Grandparents can help with childcare
Retired volunteers
Contribute to the economy via spending possible disposable income

23
Q

What are 4 challenges of an ageing population?

A

Strain on NHS/healthcare
Pensioners do not work. shrinking the workforce
Pensions must be paid for longer
More workers in care homes, reducing workers in other job industries

24
Q

What is a greenfield site?

A

An area of land that has not been built on before.

25
What is a brownfield site?
An area of land that has been built on before.
26
What are 4 positives of greenfield sites?
Cheap to develop Greener area Quicker to build new housing Layout not hampered by old buildings
27
What are 3 negatives of greenfield sites?
Impacts wildlife Increase in pollution Valuable (farmland/recreational) land lost
28
What are 4 positives of brownfield sites?
Helps rejuvenate abandoned areas Reduces loss of countryside Services already in place (like water/gas/sewage/electricity) Often near cities (areas of employment
29
What are 4 negatives of brownfield sites?
Surrounding area may be unattractive May cost a lot to clean up if area is polluted/toxic Old buildings may be demolished May lack modern transport infrastructure, costs a lot to develop
30
What are convenience goods?
Necessities that are bought frequently (like bread and milk).
31
What are comparison goods?
Bought less frequently, more expensive items like household appliances.
32
What are 3 positives of out of town shopping centres?
Free, large parking More space for larger stores Land cheaper to build on
33
What are 3 negatives of out of town shopping centres?
Only big chain stores Encourages urbanisation in rural areas Attracts shoppers from city centre and high street shops
34
What are 3 positives of internet shopping?
More convenient + cheaper Traffic in cities reduced More jobs for delivery drivers
35
What are 3 negatives of internet shopping?
Not everyone has access to internet More vulnerable to financial fraud Items may not be as expected
36
What is causing the decline in UK high streets?
Internet shopping and out of town shopping centres becoming more popular
37
What do high streets have that bigger shopping centres don't have?
Independent and unique shops.
38
How are UK high streets bringing people back?
Better transport links Pedestrianising streets Improved CCTV - safer