THEME 4C SELECTION

Question 1

MUTATIONS THAT ARE DELETERIOUS HAVE____

Answer 1

NO LONG TERM IMPACT

Question 2

MUTATIONS THAT ARE BENEFICIAL HAVE____

Answer 2

LONG TERM IMPACT

Question 3

FITNESS

Answer 3

SURVIVAL + REPRODUCTION

Question 4

COMPETITIVE ADVANTAGE

Answer 4

HOW WELL AN ORGANISM IS ADAPTED TO ITS ENVIRONMENT

Question 5

POSITIVE SELECTION

Answer 5

INCREASES FREQUENCY OF THE ALLELE

Question 6

NEGATIVE SELECTION

Answer 6

DECREASES THE FREQUENCY OF THE ALLELE

Question 7

WHY IS SELECTION INEFFICIENT IN ELIMINATING DELETERIOUS ALLELES?

Answer 7

LETHAL ALLELES CAN HIDE IN HETERO

Question 8

WHAT IS SELECTION

Answer 8

DIFFERENTIAL PROPAGATION OF DIFFERENT GENOTYPES

Question 9

WHAT CAUSES SELECTION?

Answer 9

INTERACTION BETWEEN ENVIRONMENT AND ORGANISMS

AS IN THE ASPECTS OF THE ENVIRONMENT THAT INFLUENCES THE ORGANISMS’ SURVIVAL AND REPRODUCTION

Question 10

2 EFFECTS OF SELECTION:

Answer 10

1) FIXATION

2) MAINTENANCE OF GENETIC VARIATION

Question 11

DIRECTIONAL SELECTION

Answer 11

INDIVIDUALS OF ONE EXTREME PHENOTYPE IS FAVOURED

Question 12

STABILIZING SELECTION

Answer 12

INTERMEDIATE IS FAVOURED

EXTREME PHENOTYPES ARE SELECTED AGAINST

Question 13

DISRUPTIVE SELECTION

Answer 13

BOTH EXTREMES ARE FAVOURED

INTERMEDIATE IS SELECTED AGAINST

USUALLY HAVE HUGE STDs BECAUSE THE ENDS ARE TOO FAR FROM THE MEAN

Question 14

SEXUAL SELECTION

Answer 14

PROMOTES TRAITS THAT INCREASES AN INDIVIDUAL’S ACCESS TO REPRO OPPORTUNITIES

Question 15

2 TYPES OF SELECTION

Answer 15

1) VIABILITY SELECTION

2) FECUNDITY SELECTION

Question 16

VIABILITY SELECTION

Answer 16

DIFFERENCES IN SURVIVAL

ARE YOU HEALTHY?

Question 17

FECUNDITY SELECTION

Answer 17

THE AMOUNT OF GAMETES YOU CAN PRODUCE

DIFFERENCES IN REPRODUCTIVE SUCCESS

Question 18

REPRODUCTIVE SUCCESS DEPENDS ON

Answer 18

FECUNDITY + MATING SUCCESS

Question 19

BATEMAN’S PRINCIPLE

Answer 19

FEMALES INVEST MORE ENERGE IN OFFSPRING AND ARE THUS MORE LIMITED BY RESOURCES

MALES INVEST LESS IN OFFSPRING, BUT ARE INSTEAD LIMITED BY ACCESS TO FEMALES

Question 20

2 MODES OF SEXUAL SELECTION

Answer 20

1) MALES COMPETE FOR FEMALES

2) FEMALES CAN AFFORD TO BE CHOOSY (CHOOSING QUALITY OVER QUANTITY)

Question 21

POLYGYNOUS

Answer 21

ONE MALE MATES WITH MANY FEMALES

Question 22

NON-RANDOM MATING

Answer 22

INDIVIDUALS WHO PERFORM NON-RANDOM MATING ARE MORE CLOSELY RELATED TO EACH OTHER THAN INDIVIDUALS WHO PERFORM RANDOM MATING

Question 23

3 TYPES OF NON-RANDOM MATING

Answer 23

INBREEDING

OUTBREEDING

ASSORATIVE

Question 24

INBREEDING

Answer 24

MATING WITH CLOSE RELATIVES

no change in allele frequencies

Question 25

OUTBREEDING

Answer 25

MATING WITH INDIVIDUALS DISTANTLY RELATED

Question 26

ASSORTATIVE

Answer 26

MATING BETWEEN INDIVIDUALS WITH THE SAME PHENOTYPE

“YOU LOOK HOT, I LOOK HOT. LET’S GET MARRIED” BULLCRAP

Question 27

Consequence of inbreeding

Answer 27

increases the frequency of recessive genotype

exposes the recessive allele, as they become vulnerable to be selected against –> which leads to reduced genetic diversity

Question 28

Which evolutionary mechanisms lead to adaptations?

Answer 28

Natural selection only.

Question 29

Consequence of Migration

Answer 29

homogenizing populations

make populations more similar to each other

Question 30

Contrast of inbreeding. Why?

Answer 30

genetic drift

Inbreeding does not change allele frequencies

Not necessarily a random process

Question 31

What is genetic drift?

Answer 31

Changes in allele frequencies DUE TO CHANCE in SMALL population

Question 32

Three effects of genetic drift

Answer 32

Random changes in allele frequency! due to random chance

Gradual loss of genetic variation because extinction and fixation can happen easily in a small population

Differentiation among populations

Question 33

ADAPTATION

Answer 33

Any characteristic that improves the fitness (survival and reproductive success) of an organism

result of natural selection

organisms match with their environments

Question 34

Darwinian Fitness

Answer 34

contribution of an individual makes to the GENE POOL RELATIVE to the contribution of others

i.e. comparing one individual to the next within a population

Question 35

Darwinian Fitness Scale

Answer 35

0 to 1

1: for the organism with the highest PHENOTYPE representation