Theme 4b Pt 2 HWE

Question 1

What does it mean when the population isn’t at equilibrium

Answer 1

One or more of the HWE assumptions were broken

So evolution occurs

Question 2

Why do we use HWE calculations?

Answer 2

To predict genotype and allele frequencies when we don’t have any other info about the population

Question 3

If a population isn’t in HWE does that prove it’s not evolving?

Answer 3

No, we need to see a sustained change in allele frequencies to fully prove it

Question 4

How do you find the frequency of an allele when given the number of individuals showing that allele?

Answer 4

Number of occurrences of the allele

Divided by 2 times the number of individuals in the entire sample

Question 5

How to we test if it’s in HWE

Answer 5

Calculate allele frequencies

Then use these to find genotype frequencies

Find expected number of individuals with these genotypes

Then compare the observed to expected (chi test)

Question 6

How do you find the expected numbers of given the expected genotype frequencies

Answer 6

Multiply each frequencies by the total number of individual in the population

Question 7

If you have genotype frequencies how do you find allele frequencies (p and q)

Answer 7

P= p^2+0.5(2pq)

Question 8

What is selection

Answer 8

Individual in species vary

Variation is passed to offspring

More offspring produced than can survive and/ or reproduce

Survival and reproduction is not random, but related to phenotypic variation