Theme 4 Part 2 Circulation Flashcards
Can larger animals get by with just diffusion
No they need a circulatory system to transport stuff to and from them
If animals have higher metabolic rate they need
More rapid circulation
What is the cardiovascular system composed of
A muscular pump (cardio)
And vessels (vascular)
What are the two types of circulatory systems
Open or closed
What organisms have open circulatory systems
Arthropod and mollisks
What is an open circulatory system
Fluid in the insects body
Fluid is pumped into the system by the heart but isn’t closed into vessels
The fluid goes back to heart (pump)
No difference in hemolymph and extracellular fluid
What is a closed system
The fluids (blood) are enclosed in vessels now it’s called blood, pumped by heart
Generally moves unidirectionally (away from heart then back to heart)
Exchange between gasses between the blood and the interstitial fluid across the walls of the vessels throughout the body
What is in extracellular fluid?
Plasma
Erythrocytes
Leukocytes
Platelet
What is plasma
Water ions proteins nutrients and gases
What are the key ions in plasma
Na k cl HCO3 ca H
What are the key protiens in plasma
Globulins
Albumin
Fibrinogens
What are the key gasses in plasma
O2 CO2
What is in erythrocytes what do they do
Have respiratory pigments (hemoglobin)
Increase capacity of fluid to carry o2 and co2
What are leukocytes what do they do
White blood cells
Help in immune system
What does the heart do
Keeps the bulk flow of fluid in the presence of resistance
The resistance comes from friction in the vessels slowing the pumping of blood
What is ohms law
Flow= pressure/ resistance
Lower pressure in blood returning to body
Blood pumped out is higher pressure
What are arteries
Carry fluid away from the heart
Control the distribution of blood to the body by controlling their diameter (giving more resistance)
Pulses of pressure from the heart pumping get dampened
What are veins
They carry blood/fluid back to the heart
Store the blood/fluid
Can expand and contract
If they contract they can move blood back to the system if expand they more forawrdr
What are capillaries
They exchange stuff between blood and tissues (gas, fluid, solute, waste)
The promotes diffusion and leaking get get stuff to exchange
What are single Circuts
What are they found in
Most fishes
Two chambers
Oxygenated Blood goes from the heart to gill capillaries, o2 leaves, deoxygenated blood goes back to heart through the systemic capillaries
Causes lower metabolic rate becaus blood with low pressure in going to the body
What are double Circuts
What are they found in
Found in bird/mammals
Has four chambers
Blood leaves the heart and goes to lungs and gets oxygenated, then returned back to the heart
The oxygenated blood then gets sent to the body
Keeps blood pressure high
What are variable Circuts
What are they found in
Amphibians/ reptiles
Blood moves to lungs to get oxygenated
This blood can be redirected and sent straight to the body
Not actual separation in deoxy and oxy blood
What’s most efficient circuit
Double
Single circuit is worst
