Theme 4 Homeostasis In Land Plants Part 2

Question 1

What can we do to manipulate plants to maximize nitrogen uptake

Answer 1

Make them make their own nitrates from atmospheric nitrogen

Make them all have symbiotic relationship with nitrogen fixing bacteria

Question 2

What is hydroponics

Answer 2

Analyzing the ashes from plants

Question 3

What is a hydroponic culture

Answer 3

Growing plants in a solution and removing one nutrient at a time and seeing the affect on the plants growth

Seeing what elements are essential for the plant nutrition

Question 4

What does and element need to be essential

Answer 4

Need to be required for growth and reproduction

Can’t be replaced/substituted

Needs to play one or more roles in metabolism

Question 5

What is chlorosis

What is the result

Answer 5

The yellowing of the leaves in a plant due to lacking chlorophyll

Doesn’t do photosynthesis as efficiently

Question 6

What soil made of

Answer 6

Contains soil-mineral particles, compounds, ions, decomposing organics, water, air, organisms

The soil particles have varying sizes (clay particles, silt, sand) in increasing order

Question 7

What is important about soil particles

Answer 7

The amount of the particles determines the properties of the soil

Ex. Water availability
Mineral availability

Question 8

What is humus

Answer 8

Decomposing organics near top of the soil that hold water and nutrients that seep down into soil

Increases water availability

Question 9

What is soil solution

Answer 9

Everything available to the plant after water has drained through the soil by gravity

This water solution clings to soil particles and fills the pores between the particles,

has negative charge from clay and humus which attracts water molecules

Mostly in the upper soil layer

Question 10

What is sandy soil

Answer 10

It’s soil that is looser and holds less water than clay soils

Question 11

Everything entering the root surface has to be

Answer 11

Dissolved in water (soil solution)

Question 12

What is present in the soil solution

What happens if you over water

Answer 12

Both anions and cations but they aren’t equally available to the plant

The anions get washed out so they’re less available,

also since soil is negatively charged due to the clay in the soil solution, the anions are repelled and cations are attracted to the soil

Question 13

How do mineral in soil solution enter the plant roots

Answer 13

Mineral and water are taken up by Passive transport

They’re selectively adsorbed the roots through ion specific transport proteins

Question 14

What is an adaptation which helps to uptake the limiting mineral (anions)

Answer 14

The roots go deeper and deeper into soil to reach the repelled anions

Question 15

What is cation exchange

Answer 15

The mineral cations (mg ca k) are adsorbed (stuck to) the negative soul particles

Through cation exchange, the mineral cation on the soil gets kicked off and replaced by h+ . Because ph changes very close to roots

One way is The respiration of root releases co2 which reacted with water to make carbonic acid which dissociate to h+.

Another way is proton pumping of h+ which is an active proccess

Question 16

What is leaching

Answer 16

When anions are washed away easily by excess water

Question 17

if ph of soil is 4 (low) what mineral are not available and what minerals are leached out

Answer 17

It’s acidic

The anions are bound to the soil through attraction

The cations are freely floating (available) but they can be leached out

Question 18

How can soil turn acidic

Answer 18

Due to acid rain,

Cations are leached out easily

Question 19

Alkaline soils

Answer 19

Anions leach out easily

Question 20

Acidic soils

Answer 20

Cations leach out easily

Question 21

What does iron need to be before it can be taken up by plant

What does this

Answer 21

Fe3+ needs to turn into Fe2+

The protien FRO reduceces ferric to ferrous

Question 22

What is passive transport

Answer 22

no metabolic energy required

The substance moves down a concentration gradient (has to do with membrane potential)

Moves from more to less substance

Is simple diffusion

Question 23

What ions do simple diffusion

What is facilitated diffusion

Answer 23

H2O o2 co2

Type of simple diffusion: Go though Transport protiens to help move through membrane (ion carriers, channel proteins). This also requires no nrg

Question 24

What is active transport

Answer 24

Needs atp

The substance moves against the concentration gradient (from less to more)

Need transport proteins (channels) the use energy to move the stuff (ex. H pump)

Question 25

How do root hair increase the uptake of minerals

Answer 25

They don’t have cuticle and stomata

They greatly increase the roots surface area (more reach)

They absorb water and minerals

Question 26

How do mycorrhizae increase mineral uptake

Answer 26

It’s a fungus that has a symbiotic relationship with plant roots

The plant gives fungus carbon

The fungus gives more supply of soil nuterints to the plant, specifically PHOSPHATE

The root nodules of mycorrhizae fix nitrogen for the plant and allow them to take up more phosphate

Question 27

Can charge particle pass through membrane

Answer 27

No by them selves

They need a channel or a transporter that on the root cell plasma membrane