Theme 4 Flashcards
commercial agriculture
the production of food surplus
practiced mainly in MDCs
subsistence agriculture
most prevalent in LDCs
the production of food with only enough food to feed the farmer and the farmer’s family, wiht No SURPLUS
in some cases surplus is sold to governemnt
Agribusiness
the name of commercial agriculture
the farming is integrated into a large food production industry
intensive subsistence
yields large amount of output per acre
still only provides for family, sometimes with a little surplus
East and South Asia with wet or lowland rice growing farms
Also wheat farms
Labor intensive
shifting cultivation
“slash and Burn”
mainly rain forest zones
Destroys environments
SUBSISTENT
extensive
Interillage
the growing of various types of crops
is common in slash and burn MDC communities
Often in agriculture based villages
Extensive subsistence agriculture
Pastural nomadism
the following of herds
similar to hunters and gatherers
sheeps cows goats
Extensive subsistence agriculture
Nomadism
Moving frequently from one place to another
Driven by the need for animals to graze new pastures
extensive subsistence agriculture
large areas of land and minimal labor per unit
intensive subsistence agriculture
smaller plots of land through great amounts of labor
commercial agriculture
farmers sell their output for money and buy their families food at stores
mixed crops and livestock famring
common form of commercial agriculture
Appalachian mountains
raise animals and livestock and grow crops on same land
crops are fed to animals rather than people
crop rotation
fields are planted on a planned cycle
uses nutrients in soil more efficiently by shifting the crop grown in each area
cereal grains
oats wheat rye or barley
Dairy farming
are located closer to cities because Milk spoils
produce butter, milk and cheese
Milk shed
A ring of milk production that surrounds a major city due to the fact that milk spoils fairly quickly
Grain Farming
Most prominent in the Us ( winter wheat areas and spring wheat areas.)
uses heavy machinergy to produce grains on a large scale.
planting and harvesting seasons
World Bread basket
The praries of North America
Wheat finds its way into the world market and is the most exported crop
Livestock ranching
commercialized grazing of livestock over an extensive area.
practiced in Arid or Semi-Arid climates
Livestock raised in Us is sold domestically, but in other places it is sold internationally
extensive?
Mediterranean
Not only in mediterranean but also in California( anywhere there is the mediterranean climate)
These places border seas, moisture is provided by sea minds and moderate winters with hot and dry summers
hilly land and mountains
Horticulture forms the commercial base of this
intensive
Horticulture
The growing of fruits and vegetables and flowers and tree crops
Commercial gardening and Fruit farming
Prominent in the Us’s south east region due to it’s long growing season and humid climate
Also Known as truck farmingapples, asparagus, cherries , lettuce . mushrooms.
sold to be processed or canned
intensive
Plantation Farming
speacializes in one or two crops
raised for export to high consumption developed countries
Grows cash Crops
tropical countries
intensive
Von Thunen’s model
Four rings that surround market centers or cities:
market gardening and dairy-
closest to town
forest-
in the time this theory was formed trees played a vital role in a town and needed to be second closest due to the bulky weight of trees.
Field crops-
less parishable wheat and other grains
Animal Grazing-
farthest away required lots of space
intensive agriculture
for high value perishable crops
in the first ring
land is subdivided into relatively small units
extensive agriculture
far from market
land divided into larger units
location theory
the modern version of Von Thunen’s model
the general but logical attempt to explain how an economic activity is related to the land space where goods are produced
dispersed settlement pattern
shown through the areas of extensive agricultural practices
where machinery makes intensive cultivation over large areas
nucleated settlement patterns
rural areas in indonesia
villages located quite close together surrounded by small fields
people and animals do work
most common pattern of agricultural settlement
hamlets
when houses in nucleated settlements are in small clusters
villages
slightly larger settlements than hamlets in nucleated settlements
building materials
wood
brick
stone
wattle
round villages
most traditional
east africa and europe
houses circle around a central corral for animals with fields outside rings of houses
walled villages
originated in ancient times to protect villages from attack
Grid villages
modern
laid out in straight street patterns that run in parallel and perpendicular lines
linear villages
modern
follow major roads
one single thoroughfare lined with houses and businesses
and public buildings
cluster villages
more than one major road
housing clusters around large public buildings like churches temples mosques or livestock corrals or grain bins.
primogeniture
the rule that states all property is passed to the eldest son
this leads to large land Parcells being tended individually.
rectangular survey system
used by the US government to encourage farmers to disperse evenly across farmland
the section lines were drawn in grids
roads are built along the grid lines
metes and bounds
shape rural landscapes
where natural features
mark irregular parcels of land
long lot survey systems
divides land into narrow parcels that extend from rivers, roads or canals
gives people more access to transportation
used in canada
mercantilism
developed by british and dutch
benefit mother country
industrial agriculture
current stage of commercial agriculture
a shift from the farm being the center of production to a position as just one step in a multiphase industrial process
specialization
the growing of specialized crops that are most profitable
farmers must weigh in in costs of production like machinery, fuels fertilizer and labor and deal with unpredictable weather/ diseases
Third agricultural revolution
began in the mid 20th century
is still going on in the form of industrial agriculture
modern farming that refers to the industrialized production of livestock
biotechnology
the genetically altered crops in agriculture and DNA manipulation in livestock in order to increase production.
began with hydred rice
larger grains
shorter growing cycles
more resistant to pests
Green Revolution
new agricultural techniques like new higher- yield seeds and the expanded use of fertilizers
new miracle seeds lead to dramatic productivity increases around the world
desertification
the spread of desert like land
caused by over grazing of animals and lack of resources
impacts of green revolution
sustainable agriculture
attempts to integrate plant and animal production practices that will protect the ecosystem over the long term.
expansion of agricultural land
increasing food production clear and plow more land for planting.
18th and early 189th century population growth
second agricultural revolution
resulted in mechanization of agricultural production, advances in transportation, development of large-scale irrigation, and changes to consumption patterns of agricultural goods.
Wheat was first domesticated in the Yellow River valley
