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AP HUG > Theme 2 > Flashcards

Theme 2 Flashcards

1
Q

Demography

A

The study of population. places, people, events
ex: age, sex education, nationality, ethnicity ect.

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2
Q

Population geography

A

focuses on the number, composition and distribution of human beings on the earth’s surface.
ex:

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3
Q

Distribution

A

the arrangement of locations on the earth’s surface where people live.

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4
Q

Dot map

A

is used to display population on a map, each dot representing a certain amount of people.

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5
Q

Population Density

A

The number of people that live in area.

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6
Q

Arithmetic density

A

A total number of people divided by total land area
ex: USA’s arithmetic density is 32 people per square kilometer.

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7
Q

Physiological population density

A

divides the amount people by square kilometers of land suited for agriculture. Determines the pressure that will be put on the land to produce food.
ex. Egypt is mostly desert which puts lots of pressure on the arable land causing the country to have a high physiological density.

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8
Q

Agriculture density

A

average land farmed by each farmer
ex: more developed countries have lower agricultural density.

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9
Q

Overpopulation

A

too many people for the land to support.

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10
Q

Carrying capacity

A

the number of people an area of land can support

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11
Q

sustainability

A

the principal that everything humans need for their survival and well-being depends on our natural environment

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12
Q

Crude birth rate

A

of people born in a year per 1000 people

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13
Q

CDR drude death rate

A

of people die in a year per 1000 people

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14
Q

NIR natural increase rate or (CBR_CDR)

A

percent population increase per year

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15
Q

equation :CBR-CDR=NIR

A
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16
Q

IMR(infant mortality rate)

A

infants who die per 1000 infants

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17
Q

TFR(total fertility rate)

A

average # of children a woman chooses to have

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18
Q

Doubling time

A

The time it takes to double an areas population

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19
Q

Population Pyramid

A

a way to analyze population that represents age and sex composition. The shape differs depending on the distribution of males and females at each age level.
ex: A population pyramid from Afghanistan starts out wide at the bottom to represent the age group of 0-5 and the pyramid gets narrower as the age gets higher.

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20
Q

Agriculture revolution

A

The advancement of agriculture technology that allowed larger populations to survive because there was more food.

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21
Q

Industrial Revolution

A

In the early 1800s to 1900s brought major improvements in technology that created an unprecedented amount of wealth.

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22
Q

Zero population growth

A

A goal of leveling the worlds population so it is able to sustain all of it’s inhabitants .

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23
Q

Thomas Malthus

A

first person to note that the worlds population was growing faster than the food Supply needed to sustain it.

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24
Q

Exponential growth vs. linear growth( geometric rate vs arithmetic rate)

A

Malthus used this to support his theory. Population grows at a geometric rate while food supplies grows at a arithmetic rate.

25
Q

Neo-Malthusians

A

People that believe over population will lead to resource depletion or environmental degradation to a degree that is not sustainable.
Created programs around the world that limit population by birth control and family planning.

26
Q

Life expectancy

A
27
Q

Demographic transition Model

A

Helps explain the rising and falling of a country’s natural increase rate over time
- 5 stages
- includes death rate birth rate Natural decrease, natural increase, total population

28
Q

stage 1 of demograohic transition model

A

High CBR high CDR
Low

29
Q

stages 2

A

High CBR, dropping morderate CDR, moderate NIR (high-moderate= significant growth)

30
Q

stage 3

A

dropping moderate CBR, Low CDR, moderate NIR
- birth rates start declining rapidly
population still growing US hit stage in early 20th century.

31
Q

stage 4

A

low CBR , Low CDR low/zero NIR (low-low/no growth)
- maybe hit zero population growth
-TFR around 2.1 leads to no population change
- most increases in population come from immigration.

32
Q

Stage 5

A

very low Cbr low cdr negative NIR (very low-low =negative growth aka shrinking population
-countries with good health care
china one child policy

33
Q

Neolithic revolution

A

Larger and more stable food sources so more people survived.

34
Q

Population explosion

A

When more resources became available to more people the population exploded in 1750-1800

35
Q

AIDS

A

A disease that began in central Africa during late 20th century. An example of how globalization created risk for diseases.

36
Q

Pandemic

A

The fear that spread across the world of a large spread of a disease

37
Q

Restrictive population policies

A

Policies governments have put in place to influence the growth of their population

38
Q

Spatial interaction

A
39
Q

China’s population policies

A

The

40
Q

circulation

A

The process of people moving within a small space.
For example: home to work
school to home

41
Q

Spatial interaction

A

A broad term for the movement of peoples ideas, and commodities within and between areas
ex: transportation of manufactured goods between areas

42
Q

The demographic equation

A

Summarizes the change over time in an area by combining natural change with net migration

43
Q

international migration

A

movement of people between countries

44
Q

Step migration

A

The different steps of a person’s movement over time
ex: a family moving towns, then later to a city

45
Q

Intervening opportunity

A

The motivation between a person’s movement to another place.

46
Q

gravity model

A

the inverse relationship between the volume of migration and between source and destination
ex: volume in which goods/people flow between two places.

47
Q

critical distance

A

the distance beyond which cost , effort and means strongly influence a person’s willingness to travel.

47
Q

push factor

A

encourages people to move from the region
ex: war

48
Q

pull factor

A

attracts people to a region
ex: booming job market

49
Q

disease

A

avoiding disease has influenced migration choices.

49
Q

intervening obstacles

A

environmental factors that disrupt or slow or halt migration

50
Q

Interregional migration

A

a type of internal migration that occurs between regions
ex: rural to urban areas

51
Q

intraregional

A

a type of internal migration that occurs within one region

52
Q

forced migration

A

involuntary
international migration , migrant does not choose whether to move or not

53
Q

voluntary migration

A

international migration migrant chooses to move

54
Q

out migration

A

places that have higher emigrates than immigrates
ex: asia , latin america, and africa

55
Q

in-migration

A

more people immigrate to a place than emigrate out of a place.
ex: north america, europe, oceania

56
Q
A

AP HUG (5 decks)

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