theme 3

Question 1

Maritime boarder

Answer 1

A boarder between two countries separated by a sea or ocean

Question 2

Political geography

Answer 2

The study of the political organization of the planet. The change in countries that make up the world.
Ex. Boarders between countries

Question 3

Government

Answer 3

The leadership and institution that makes policy decisions for a country

Question 4

politics

Answer 4

The debate over who is to be in power in a country’s governemnet

Question 5

territoriality

Answer 5

efforts to control pieces of the earth politically and socially.
the rules of expansion of a country depends on the values of the government. The leader will act within the rules of their society.

Question 6

Political culture

Answer 6

The collection of political beliefs values practices and institutions that the government is based on.

Question 7

Boundaries

Answer 7

the invisible lines that mark the extent of a state’s territory and the control that its leaders have.

Question 8

frontiers

Answer 8

a geological state where no government exercises power.

Question 9

physical boundary

Answer 9

A border based on the physical features in an area. For example a range of mountains separating two nations.

Question 10

Median-line principal

Question 11

Cultural Boundaries

Answer 11

The boundaries occasionally set between some states due to ethnic differences, especially those set by language and or religion.

Question 12

Balkinization

Answer 12

In Yugoslavia, the Balkan people were united however they separated into much smaller countries based around many small ethnicities within Balkans.

Question 13

Shatter belts

Answer 13

The tendency for large physical boundaries like mountains to cause a separation within a country, of different ethnicities.

Question 14

Geometric boundary

Answer 14

the boundaries drawn to separate areas after a war for example north and south Korea

Question 15

territorial morphology

Answer 15

The description of the shapes sizes and relative locations of states.

Question 16

compact states

Answer 16

an area in which the distance from the center to any boundary is about the same

Question 17

prorupted states

Answer 17

a states that is compact except for a large extension in order to reach a natural resource such as a river.

Question 18

elongated states

Answer 18

states that have a long narrow state such as chile. Chile is in between the Andes mountains and the pacific ocean.

Question 19

fragmented states

Answer 19

states that have several discontinuous pieces of territory.

Question 20

perforated states

Answer 20

a state that completely surrounds another state. For example

Question 21

exclaves

Answer 21

small bits of territory that lie on coasts separated from the state by the territory of another state.

Question 22

Enclaves

Answer 22

landlocked states within another country and totally surrounded by that country.
vatican city

Question 23

microstates

Answer 23

countries with a land space of just a few square miles

Question 24

landlocked states

Answer 24

sates that lack ocean frontage and surrounded by other states
have a disadvantage because harder to trade and cannot fish or have a foreign port.

Question 25

Sovereignty

Answer 25

Boundaries represent the countries ability to carry out actions or policies within the boarders.

Question 26

boundary disputes

Answer 26

positional disputes - debate between states on where the boarder actually is
territorial disputes- arises over ownership of a region, usually around mutual boarders. conflict arises when one state wants to annex a territory that has a population of people ethnically similar to them.
resource disputes - disputes regarding natural resources such as mineral deposits, fertile farmland , or rich fishing groups
functional disputes- when sates cannot agree on the policies that apply in a border area.

Question 27

institution

Answer 27

a stable organization that argues for a certain type of policy to be enforced, for example political parties

Question 28

binational state

Answer 28

a state that contains more than one nation. Ex. soviet union

Question 29

stateless nation

Answer 29

people without a state
ex. kurdish people

Question 30

core areas

Answer 30

the areas in which nation states expand from and only stop when the terriotory of other nations interferes.
ex. paris in france
tokyo in japan

Question 31

periphery

Answer 31

the outlying areas of the nation state farthest from the core areas.

Question 32

multicore states

Answer 32

states that have multiple core areas which can cause differences in religion

Question 33

primate states

Answer 33

the capital city is the primate city of a country that does not have any other cities that come close to rivaling the capital

Question 34

forward capital

Answer 34

if the capital city serves as a model for national objectives like economic
Example: japan moved it’s capital from Kyoto to Tokyo because Tokyo is more of a center for economic and social development.

Question 35

electoral geography

Answer 35

the study of how how spatial configuration effects social and political affairs in a democratic area.

Question 36

gerrymandering

Answer 36

the process of a political power or party manipulating borders to gain support of one party or class.

Question 37

minority/majority districting

Answer 37

a different type of gerrymandering

Question 38

unitary system

Answer 38

concentrates all policy making powers in one central geographic place
a central government in a capital city that stretches the limits of the state

Question 39

confederal system

Answer 39

spreads power among many sub units ( like states) and has a weak central government.
most attempts at this have not been long lasting

Question 40

federal system

Answer 40

divides power between central government and sub-units
ex. United states , Canada and Australia

Question 41

devolution

Answer 41

the transfer of some important powers from the central governemnt to sub governemnt

Question 42

international organizations

Answer 42

organizations that require countries to abide by their rules/alter something about their country in order to join.
ex. Joining the EU requires adapting the euro.

Question 43

centripetal forces

Answer 43

bind together the people of a state giving it strength
ex. Nationalism is a form of this

Question 44

centrifugal forces

Answer 44

oppose centripital forces
destabalize the government and encourage the country to fall apart

Question 45

separtists movements

Answer 45

when nationalities within a country try to demand independence
devolution is a reaction to this

Question 46

ethnic group

Answer 46

groups of people who share ethnicities within a country

Question 47

ethnonationalism

Answer 47

the tendency for an ethnic group to see itself as a distinct nation within the nation state

Question 48

economic forces

Answer 48

the areas of a country that differ in economic prosperity

Question 49

spatial forces

Answer 49

spatiality devolutionary events most often occur on the margins of the state. distance remoteness and peripheral location promote devolution especially if a natural land form physically separates separates those areas from the center power.

Question 50

the rimland theory

Question 51

monetary policy

Answer 51

control of the money supply

Question 52

brexit

Answer 52

britain left eu

Question 53

command economies

Answer 53

the older societies with socialism centralized planning and state ownership

Question 54

mixed economies

Answer 54

allows for significant control of central government

Question 55

fragmentation

Answer 55

division based on ethnic or cultural identity

Question 56

politicization of religion

Answer 56

the use of politics to support religion and vice versa

Question 57

superimposed borders

Answer 57

borders imposed by empirial powers

Question 58

subsequent borders

Answer 58

boarders imposed based on ethnic linguistic, religious, and economic differences

Question 59

antecedent borders

Answer 59

borders drawn before the current large population or ethnic population of a place was formed

Question 60

consequent border

Answer 60

when a border coincides with the cultural boundaries