theme 2 - urban links Flashcards
what is population density?
the number of people her square kilometre
what is population distribution?
the arrangement of the people and where they live.
what does rural mean?
areas of countryside with low population densities.
what are the benefits of chloropleth maps?
- allows regions and areas to be compared
- easy to produce
- good for looking at changes over time
what are the negatives of chloropleth maps?
- can be difficult to read if in greyscale or colourblind
- oversimplifies data
- gives the impression everything is the same within a colour block
what are the benefits of dot maps?
- can be used to show a wide range if data
- easy to construct
- good to show areas of interest
- easy to compare data
what are the negatives of dot maps?
- locations of dots can be subjective
- creation can take a long time
- overcrowding makes it difficult to read
what is the urban-rural continuum?
the graduated series of changes between urban and rural. a sliding scale between urban places and the most remote rural regions.
they will increase many things, eg. population density, building density and size, available services, traffic congestion etc.
what is the commuter belt?
the suburbs existing outside, but linked, to an urban area. within commuting distance to a city.
what is an accessible rural area?
rural areas with more houses and buildings. low population density, residents likely commuting to work in urban areas.
what is remote rural?
isolated rural places with poor connecting networks. farmland with few buildings.
what us the urban/rural fringe?
land on the edge of an urban area where it ends and the rural area begins.
what is an urban area?
highly populated places like cities.
what is a deep green rural place?
remote, isolated places with poor networks but open green places. sparsely populated.
what is a rapid change area?
less densely populated and include smaller towns. many who live in then work in urban areas by commuting.
what is a leisure and amenity area?
some of wales’ most beautiful scenery and national parks are in rural areas often remote.
what is a coastal retirement area?
seaside villages and small towns attractive to retired people making up the largest proportion of the the population in these communities.
name challenges for rural populations.
- access to services such as hospitals and schools
- lack of local jobs
- ageing population
- poor road and rail links
- poor mobile and internet connection
- lack of care services for disabled people
what are the strengths of rural life.
- commuters can use rail services
- beautiful scenery
- young adult population increasing
- strong, safe communities
- better qualify of life
- less traffic and noise
- larger settlements (more space)
what is a sphere of influence?
the area that people travel from to use a service.
what is an inflow-outflow in a city?
the travel of people, goods, traffic etc.
when is a sphere of influence large?
the larger the urban area
the number of services a settlement provides increases what?
settlement size
what do small settlements commonly provide?
low-order services such as a post office or doctors.
what do high-order services provide?
services such as leisure centres, chain stores and hospitals.
what is a high order good?
don’t need them everyday, eg. tv’s
what is a low order good?
buy then frequently and they cost less, eg. bread, milk
what is a threshold?
a number of people to support a service.
what is range?
maximum distance people are prepared to travel to purchase an item.
what are the impacts of counter-urbanisation?
- commuting and access to shops and entertainment is easy
- the population of accessible rural areas such as pembrokeshire is increasing
what is a pull factor?
when people are drawn to an area because of what it has to offer.
what is a push factor?
people leave areas due to features they find unfavourable.
name two shopping centres with a large and small sphere of influence.
- cardiff, st. davids shopping centre
- swansea, killay shopping centre
name push factors to leave a city.
- expensive housing
- pollution and air quality
- lack of green spaces
- lower quality schools
- higher crime rate
- traffic congestion
what is rural-depopulation?
house prices rising due to increase in demand, thus they move away.
name impacts of counter urbanisation.
- local rural schools have increased numbers so can stay open
- derelict buildings turned into habitable dwellings
- some local services supported, eg. public houses, tradesmen etc
- villages become urbanised due to increased services
what are the impacts of counter urbanisation categorically?
social, political, economic, environmental
name negative impacts of counter urbanisation.
- rural-depopulation
- building on land, loss of habitat
- people commuting increases pollution and congestion
- commuters don’t support local businesses
- culture isn’t valued by newcomers, loss of community spirit
- conflict between locals and newcomers. includes annoyance over cars if an area becomes a honeypot site
- rise in second home ownership leads to ghost towns
name issues occurring due to spheres of influence.
- second home ownership
- congestion and pollution due to commuting (urban)
- isolation from health care services
- closure of rural convenience stores
what is a greenfield site?
a plot of land not used for building.
what is the positive multiplier effect?
an upward spiral in the economy including benefits from employment.
what is a birth rate?
the number of children born in one year for every 1000 people in the country’s population.
what is the knowledge economy?
jobs that require high levels of education or training.
what is net migration?
when more people move into a region than leave it.
what is a green belt?
a government policy used to prevent the spread of cities into the countryside.
what is a brownfield site?
a development site where
older buildings are demolished or renovated before a new development takes place.
what is NIMBYism?
not in my backyard people who object to development because they live close to them.
what is suburban sprawl?
the spread of the outer areas of towns and cities.
why is retail changing in the uk?
town centres - large department stores but have limited parking
outer city shops - shops cater for ethnic groups
suburban shopping parades - limited parking and expensive
village shops - closure of services so limited places
name advantages of out of town shopping centres.
- accessible
- large, free car parks
- indoor shopping malls
- purpose-built shopping and leisure experiences
name disadvantages for out of town shopping centres.
- creates more traffic, especially on national holidays
- city centres lose trade because people go to out of town shopping centres
- harder for smaller shops and independent stores to be successful
- may not be as accessible to some members of the community, eg. the elderly
name benefits of internet shopping.
- convenience
- greater variety
- cheaper goods
- accessibility
- comparability
name negatives of online shopping.
- security concerns
- cannot physically inspect clothes
- goods getting damaged
- goods not arriving or at all
- concerns over what information retailers are storing
- fewer people visiting high streets
name ways shopping centres are combatting this.
- pedestrianised shopping streets
- permitting street entertainment
- reducing the cost of short-stay parking
- allowing pop-up shops
- special high street events
- creating park and rise schemes
