1.2.2 factors affecting the rates of landform change

Question 1

what is concordant rock?

Answer 1

rock made all of the same material. as a result it will erode at the same rate. most headlands form as a result. eg, cardigan bay - coastline of aberystwyth all eroding at the same rate.

Question 2

what is discordant rock?

Answer 2

the coast is made up of different rock types and therefore erode at different rates. this is how headlands and bays form. eg, swansea’s gower coastline is discordant, meaning it had several bays and headlands.

Question 3

give an example of a hard rock.

Answer 3

sandstone

Question 4

give an example of a soft rock

Answer 4

limestone

Question 5

what is antecedent rainfall?

Answer 5

rain that has already happened.

Question 6

describe how climate affects the river discharge in terms of weather conditions.

Answer 6

• hot dry days bake the soil so water can’t soak in. instead it runs off the surface and into the river. (increase)
• high temperatures increase evaporation. (decrease)
• long periods of extreme cold can lead to frozen ground so water cannot soak in. (increase)

Question 7

what is river discharge?

Answer 7

a volume of water passing a measuring point or gauging station in a given time. it is measured in cubic metres per second.

Question 8

describe how climate affects the river discharge in terms of rainfall.

Answer 8

• high rainfall = increase
• low rainfall = decrease
• antecedent = increase
• heavy continual rain or melting snow = increase