Theme 2 - The Rural-Urban Continuum Flashcards
Rural?
an area of countryside characterised by wide open spaces.
Urban?
a built-up environment where a lot of people live.
Population density?
the average number of people per square kilometre. Usually expressed as densely or sparsely populated.
Location?
a particular place or position.
Population?
the number of people living in an area.
Urban-rural continuum?
a continuous scale from village to city (a continuum along which all settlements are placed.
Sphere of influence?
a region within which an urban area provides an important economic and social influence.
What are the strenghts of a sphere of influence? (3)
.the infrastructure and transport links between the urban and rural areas
.the distance from the urban area
.the size of the urban area
Counter-urbanisation?
the movement of people out of towns and cities to rural areas.
Describe reasons of counter-urbanisation? (state at least 3)
.housing - homes are more affordable in rural areas
.family status - with increased income/family size, people may look for larger properties in rural areas
.transport - improved rail links and increases car ownership means people can live in different locations from where they work
.employment - increase in undustry on rural-urban fringe
.social factors - lower crime rates and good schools in urban areas
.environmental factors - less noise and air pollution in rural locations
What are impacts of counter-urbanisation on rural settlements? (5)
.increase in house prices
.decrease in traditional services (village shops)
.increase in numbers of children attending rural schools
.increased amounts of traffic
.loss of villager indentity (majority of residents do not work in the village)
What are 4 factors leading to increased commuting?
.cities have more job opportunites than rural areas
.people live in rural areas due to cheaper house prices
.improvements in road and rail links have cut journey times
.improvements in car saftey and comfort have encouraged more people to travel long distances
What are 3 factors leading to decreases commuting?
.rapid growth of internet and email removes need to be in office
.increases quality of mobile phone network means people can constantly stay in touch with co-workers
.covid-19 disrupted work patterns forcing people to work at home, goverment promoted working at home even after the pandemic
Primary jobs?
jobs that involve getting raw materials from the environment e.g. fishing.
Tertiary jobs?
jobs that provide a service e.g. teaching.
Commuter belt?
the area around a town or city where people travel to work in the urban area.
Depopulation?
the reduction of population in an area.
Deprivation?
the lack of key features that are regarded as necessary for a reasonable standard of living.
Cycle of deprivaton?
where a family living in poverty is unable to improve its lifestyle due to the negative factors of low income which keeps it in a state of poverty.
What are the impacts of urban spheres of influence and technological change on service provision? (state at least 3)
.a change in employment opportunities in the rural area
.closure of rural banks and post offices due to centralising services in urban areas
.increase in house prices in rural areas within the commuter belt
.an increase of second homes in rural locations
.local people being unable to afford to buy a home forcing them to move away from the village
.closure of village shops due to increase of online grocery shopping
.reduction or removal of bus sevices due to few people using them
Sustainable community?
a community which is able to support the needs of all its residents with minimal environmental impacts.
What are strategies that could be used to create a sustainable rural community? (6)
.reliability and frequency of transport
.availability of jobs
.internet connections
.education
.healthcare
.village services
.green technologies
