Theme 2 - Population and Urban change in the UK

Question 1

Natural population change?

Answer 1

the change in population from births and deaths only.

Question 2

Migration?

Answer 2

the movement of people from one place to another.

Question 3

Social factors?

Answer 3

factors that relate to people’s health, lifestyle and community.

Question 4

Infant mortality rate?

Answer 4

number of deaths of children under one year of age occurring per 1000 live births in an area per year.

Question 5

Ageing population?

Answer 5

country which has a high proportion of people aged over 65.

Question 6

Birth rate?

Answer 6

the number of babies born in an area per 1000 of population.

Question 7

Economic factors?

Answer 7

factors that relate to cost and finance.

Question 8

What are 3 social factors affecting population change?

Answer 8

.healthcare - good and accessible healthcare in UK leading to longer life expectancy and lower infant mortabilty rates
.marriage - people are marrying and starting families later
.ageing population - with a greater proportion of people in UK being past their age bearing age, this will naturally reduce birth rate

Question 9

What are 3 economic factors affecting population change?

Answer 9

.cost of raising a family - discourages people from starting a family/having a large family
.maternity pay - longer period of maternity/paternity pay may encourage more births
.career - many women choose to continue with career and increase their incomes rather than start families

Question 10

Death rate?

Answer 10

the numbur of people dying in an area per 1000 of population.

Question 11

Political factors?

Answer 11

factors that relate to decisions made by goverment, either national or local.

Question 12

What are 3 political factors affecting population change?

Answer 12

.maternity/paternity rights - changes in maternity/paternity leave, may encourage people to have more children
.migration - both in and out of the UK many people have moved
.vaccination programmes - the UK has programme of vaccinating children, which reduces the death rate

Question 13

What are the reasons for people moving into the UK? (5)

Answer 13

.availability of jobs
.stable political system
.good health services and education
.better rates of pay; therefore a higher income
.already established network of family or people of similar ethnic or cultural origin

Question 14

What are the reaons for people moving within the UK? (5)

Answer 14

.cost of housing - move to an area with more affordable housing
.change in lifestyle - people may retire to a rural location
.in search of work - people move for work
.need to live closer to place of work is become less important
.locate near family for care needs

Question 15

What are the impacts of both types of migration? (6)

Answer 15

.an increase in number of working adults
.an increase in birth rate
.an increase in number of languages spoken in the UK
.many low-paid, unskilled jobs that UK citizens may not wish to do are filled
.house prices increase
.diversity of culture means greater range of foods, resteraunts, ext

Question 16

What are the economic challenges of an ageing UK population?

Answer 16

.a reduced number of economically active people in UK to pay taxes
.more money needed to pay for state pensions
.more people are dependent on the state

Question 17

What are the health challenges of an ageing UK population?

Answer 17

.increase in health issues as people live longer
.large increase in care services required to look after people in the community

Question 18

What are the social challenges of an ageing UK population?

Answer 18

.older people have a wealth of knowledge and skills that will be lost if not passed on to the younger generation
.increasingly, working-age people are caring for their children and their elderly parents
.increase in the number of elderly people living on their own

Question 19

What increases the need for new housing? (3)

Answer 19

.increased immigration
.longer life expectancy
.increased single occupancy households

Question 20

Eco-housing?

Answer 20

houses that are built to make them environmentally sustainable.

Question 21

What makes a community sustainable? (Egan’s wheel)

Answer 21

.active, inclusive and safe
.well run and led
.environmentally sensitive
.well designed
.well connected
.thriving
.well served
.fair for everyone

Question 22

Green belts?

Answer 22

areas of countryside around a city where building is restricted to prevent the spread of citites.

Question 23

Greenfield site?

Answer 23

an area of land that has not been used before for building.

Question 24

Environmental sustainability?

Answer 24

improvements in the standard of living that do not cause long-term damage to the environment.

Question 25

Economic sustainability?

Answer 25

development that unsures everyone has the right to economic improvement in the long term.

Question 26

Social sustainability?

Answer 26

development that is inclusive and ensures an improvement in the standard of living for all.

Question 27

Brownfield site?

Answer 27

an area of redevelopment that has previously been built on.

Question 28

Re-urbanisation?

Answer 28

people moving from the countryside back to urban areas.

Question 29

Central buisness district?

Answer 29

the main shopping and service area in a city.

Question 30

Benefits of out-of-town shopping centres? (5)

Answer 30

.large free parking areas for customers
.quick and easy access due to being located near major road junctions
.out-of-town location usually means less congestion
.often room for expansion due to edge-of-city location
.near suburban housing estates therefore closer to customers and workers

Question 31

Costs of out-of-town shopping? (3)

Answer 31

.attracts shoppers way from city centres, which could cause their decline
.can cause congestion on the surrounding access roads
.tends to be the same chain stores that populate shopping centres, so they do not support smaller stores

Question 32

Benefits of internet shopping? (5)

Answer 32

.convenient, faster and cheaper
.customers can buy products not available locally
.customers can buy at any time from any location
.traffic congestion in city centres is reduced
.jobs are provided for those delivering products

Question 33

Costs of internet shopping? (5)

Answer 33

.not everyone has internet access
.good may not be as expected when delivered and it may be difficult to return them
.city centres lose trade
.more delivery vans may increase traffic congestion and pollution
.storage of bank or credit card details online can leave customers valuable of fraud