Theme 2

Question 1

What is the definition of human variability?

Answer 1

It is the differences in the body dimensions that exist among people due to ethnicity, nationality, heredity, diet, health, sex, age and living conditions

Question 2

Name and describe the anthropometric design principles (4)

Answer 2

1. Design for extreme individuals: developing a design that accommodates nearly all individuals, either by designing for max or designing for min.
2. Design for adjustability: design that accommodates a wide range of users
3. Design for average user: when design for extremes and adjustability is inappropriate / impossible.
4. Designing different sizes for different users: designing the same product in different sizes

Question 3

Describe the procedure for a anthropometric workstation design

Answer 3

1. Characterise the user population
2. Determine the percentile range to be accommodated in the workstation design
3. Determine reach (5th percentile) and clearance dimensions (95th percentile) for specific work situation
4. Find and/or develop the anthropometric measures that correspond to the workstation measures
5. Stimulate the redesigned workstation

Question 4

How do organisations accommodate disabled people? (3)

Answer 4

1. Legislation e.g., The Constitution and the Employment Equity Act in SA.
2. Business case for diverse workforce.
3. Corporate social responsibility considerations.

Question 5

Name and describe the work posture measurements (4)

Answer 5

SUBJECTIVE:

1. Body part discomfort scale: discomfort as reported by the employee.
2. Questionnaires: can be used to make before and after comparisons.

OBJECTIVE:

1. OWAS method: used to code work postures results
2. RULA method: Rapid upper limb assessment method evaluated postures using numbers, the greater the number the worse the posture.

Question 6

What is the definition of metabolism?

Answer 6

Metabolism is the sum of the biochemical reactions that occur in cells of living organism to provide energy for vital body processes and activities and to assimilate new organic material into the body.

Question 7

Name and describe the types of metabolisms (3)

Answer 7

1. Basal: minimum amount of energy used when resting and there is no digestive activity
2. Activity: energy associated with physical activity.
3. Digestive: energy used for digestion

Question 8

What is the definition of strength?

Answer 8

The maximum force that can be applied by the muscle or group of muscles under specified conditions

Question 9

Name and describe the types of strength (2)

Answer 9

1. Static: force applied to immovable object

2. Dynamic: changes in joint angels and motion speed

Question 10

What are some of the factors that effect strength?

Answer 10

Age
Height
Body weight
Build
Gender
Size
Physical conditioning (training)

Question 11

What is the definition of endurance?

Answer 11

Capability to maintain applied force over time.

Question 12

What is the definition of anthropometry?

Answer 12

Empirical science that is concerned with physical measurements of human body such as height, weight and range of joint movements

Question 13

What is the definition of oxygen debt?

Answer 13

Difference between amount of oxygen needed by muscles during muscular activity and the amount that is supplied